{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1976/36",
  "title": "Adoption Act 1976",
  "long_title": "An Act to consolidate the enactments having effect in England and Wales in relation to adoption.",
  "citation": "1976 c. 36",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1976",
  "number": "36",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1976-07-22",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2009-10-01",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 12,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "The Adoption Service",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/the-adoption-service",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "The Adoption Service",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Establishment of Adoption Service.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-1",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/the-adoption-service"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Local authorities’ social services.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-2",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/the-adoption-service"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/adoption-societies",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Adoption societies",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Approval of adoption societies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/adoption-societies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Withdrawal of approval.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-4",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/adoption-societies"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Procedure on refusal to approve, or withdrawal of approval from, adoption societies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/adoption-societies"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/welfare-of-children",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Welfare of children",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Duty to promote welfare of child.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-6",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/welfare-of-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Religious upbringing of adopted child.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-7",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/welfare-of-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/supplemental",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Supplemental",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Inactive or defunct adoption societies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Regulation of adoption agencies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-9",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9A",
      "heading": "Independent review of determinations",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-9A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Restriction on arranging adoptions and placing of children.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-11",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Adoption Orders",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/the-making-of-adoption-orders",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "The making of adoption orders",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Adoption orders.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/the-making-of-adoption-orders"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Child to live with adopters before order made.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-13",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/the-making-of-adoption-orders"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Adoption by married couple.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-14",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/the-making-of-adoption-orders"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Adoption by one person.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-15",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/the-making-of-adoption-orders"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Parental agreement.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-16",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/the-making-of-adoption-orders"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Convention adoption orders.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-17",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/the-making-of-adoption-orders"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/freeing-for-adoption",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Freeing for adoption",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Freeing child for adoption.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-18",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/freeing-for-adoption"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Progress reports to former parent.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-19",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/freeing-for-adoption"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Revocation of s. 18 order.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-20",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/freeing-for-adoption"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Variation of section 18 order so as to substitute one adoption agency for another.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-21",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/freeing-for-adoption"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Supplemental",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Notification to local authority of adoption application.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-22",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Reports where child placed by agency.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-23",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Restrictions on making adoption orders.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-24",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/25",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Interim orders.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-25",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/26",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "26",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-26",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplemental"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/III",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "Care and Protection of Children Awaiting Adoption",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/III/crossheading/restrictions-on-removal-of-children",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Restrictions on removal of children",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/27",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "27",
      "heading": "Restrictions on removal where adoption agreed or application made under s. 18.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-27",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/restrictions-on-removal-of-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/28",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "28",
      "heading": "Restrictions on removal where applicant has provided home for 5 years.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-28",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/restrictions-on-removal-of-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/29",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "29",
      "heading": "Return of child taken away in breach of s. 27 or 28.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-29",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/restrictions-on-removal-of-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/30",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "30",
      "heading": "Return of children placed for adoption by adoption agencies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-30",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/restrictions-on-removal-of-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/31",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "31",
      "heading": "Application of s. 30 where child not placed for adoption.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-31",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/restrictions-on-removal-of-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/III/crossheading/protected-children",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Protected children",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/32",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "32",
      "heading": "Meaning of “protected child”.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-32",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/protected-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/33",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "33",
      "heading": "Duty of local authorities to secure well-being of protected children.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-33",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/protected-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/34",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "34",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-34",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/protected-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/35",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "35",
      "heading": "Notices and information to be given to local authorities.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-35",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/protected-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/36",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "36",
      "heading": "Offences relating to protected children.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-36",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/protected-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/37",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "37",
      "heading": "Miscellaneous provisions relating to protected children.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-37",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/III/crossheading/protected-children"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/IV",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "IV",
      "heading": "Status of Adopted Children",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/38",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "38",
      "heading": "Meaning of “adoption” in Part IV.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-38",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/39",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "39",
      "heading": "Status conferred by adoption.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-39",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/40",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "40",
      "heading": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-40",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/41",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "41",
      "heading": "Adoptive relatives.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-41",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/42",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "42",
      "heading": "Rules of construction for instruments concerning property.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-42",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/43",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "43",
      "heading": "Dispositions depending on date of birth.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-43",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/44",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "44",
      "heading": "Property devolving with peerages etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-44",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/45",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "45",
      "heading": "Protection of trustees and personal representatives.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-45",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/46",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "46",
      "heading": "Meaning of “disposition”.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-46",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/47",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "47",
      "heading": "Miscellaneous enactments.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-47",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/48",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "48",
      "heading": "Pensions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-48",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/49",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "49",
      "heading": "Insurance.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-49",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/IV"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/V",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "V",
      "heading": "Registration and Revocation of Adoption Orders andConvention Adoptions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/50",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "50",
      "heading": "Adopted Children Register.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-50",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/51",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "51",
      "heading": "Disclosure of birth records of adopted children.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-51",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/51A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "51A",
      "heading": "Adoption Contact Register.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-51A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/52",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "52",
      "heading": "Revocation of adoptions on legitimation.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/adoption-act-1976/section-52",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/V"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/53",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "53",
      "heading": "Annulment etc. of overseas adoptions.",
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      "heading": "Adoption of children abroad.",
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      "path": "section/57",
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      "path": "section/58",
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      "heading": "Restriction on advertisements.",
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      "heading": "Effect of determination and orders made in Scotland and overseas in adoption proceedings.",
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      "type": "inserted",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 56(4)-(6)",
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      "affecting_title": "Adoption and Children Act 2002",
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      "affecting_title": "Adoption and Children Act 2002",
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      "type": "words substituted",
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      "affecting_title": "Adoption and Children Act 2002",
      "affecting_provisions": "Sch. 4 para. 15(b)"
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      "affected_provisions": "s. 39",
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      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 106(1)"
    },
    {
      "type": "excluded by 2008 c. 4, s. 67E(12) (as inserted)",
      "affected_provisions": "s. 47",
      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
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    },
    {
      "type": "words substituted",
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      "affecting": "ukpga/2026/20",
      "affecting_title": "Crime and Policing Act 2026",
      "affecting_provisions": "s. 106(4)"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1976/36",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28T17:29:58.636636+00:00",
    "licence": "OGL-UK-3.0",
    "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
    "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
  }
}