{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1994/15",
  "title": "Antarctic Act 1994",
  "long_title": "An Act to make new provision in connection with the Antarctic Treaty signed at Washington on 1st December 1959; to make provision consequential on the Protocol on Environmental Protection to that Treaty done at Madrid on 4th October 1991; to make provision consequential on the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources drawn up at Canberra on 20th May 1980; to provide for the taking of criminal proceedings against, and the punishment of, British citizens and others in respect of certain acts and omissions occurring in that part of Antarctica that lies between 150° West longitude and 90° West longitude; and for connected purposes.",
  "citation": "1994 c. 15",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1994",
  "number": "15",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1994-07-05",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2020-12-31",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 4,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Preliminary",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Meaning of “Antarctica”.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "The Antarctic Treaty, the Protocol and the Convention.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "II",
      "heading": "Environmental Protection",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/permits-for-entering-and-remaining-in-antarctica",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Permits for entering and remaining in Antarctica",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Permits required for British expeditions to Antarctica.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-3",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/permits-for-entering-and-remaining-in-antarctica"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Permits required for British stations in Antarctica.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-4",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/permits-for-entering-and-remaining-in-antarctica"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Permits required for British vessels and aircraft entering Antarctica.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-5",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/permits-for-entering-and-remaining-in-antarctica"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/mineral-resources",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Mineral resources",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Mineral resource activities.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-6",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/mineral-resources"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/fauna-and-flora",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Fauna and flora",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
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      "heading": "Conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-7",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fauna-and-flora"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
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      "heading": "Permits required for introducing non-native animals and plants into Antarctica.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fauna-and-flora"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8A",
      "heading": "Introduction of microscopic organisms",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-8A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fauna-and-flora"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8B",
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      "heading": "Introduction of non-sterile soil",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-8B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/fauna-and-flora"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/special-areas",
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      "heading": "Special areas",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
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      "heading": "Areas restricted under the Protocol.",
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      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/special-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
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      "heading": "Historic Sites and Monuments.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-10",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/special-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "heading": "Places protected under the Convention.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-11",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/special-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/permits-under-part-ii-further-provisions",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Permits under Part II: further provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Grant of permits for activities prohibited by sections 7 to 9.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-12",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
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      "heading": "Conditions attached to permits under Part II.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-13",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/permits-under-part-ii-further-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Permits: applications, production, revocation and suspension.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-14",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/permits-under-part-ii-further-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
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      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Duty to have regard to the Protocol and to measures implementing the Protocol.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-15",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Delegation of powers under sections 10, 11 and 12 etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-16",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/offences-under-part-ii",
      "kind": "crossheading",
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      "heading": "Offences under Part II",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Proceedings for offences under Part II.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-17",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/offences-under-part-ii"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Defences.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-18",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/offences-under-part-ii"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Offences committed by bodies corporate and Scottish partnerships.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-19",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/offences-under-part-ii"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Penalties.",
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      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/III",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "Application of Criminal Law to United Kingdom Nationals",
      "url": null,
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
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      "number": "21",
      "heading": "United Kingdom nationals in the unclaimed sector of Antarctica.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-21",
      "extent": null,
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      "path": "section/22",
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      "heading": "United Kingdom nationals working under the Antarctic Treaty.",
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      "path": "section/24",
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    {
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      "url": null,
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    },
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      "path": "section/25",
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      "heading": "Power to make further provision in connection with the Antarctic Treaty, the Protocol and the Convention.",
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      "extent": null,
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    {
      "path": "section/26",
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      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Power to extend the application of sections 6 to 12.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/antarctic-act-1994/section-26",
      "extent": null,
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    {
      "path": "part/IV/crossheading/offences-under-this-act-further-provisions",
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    {
      "path": "section/29",
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      "heading": "Power of arrest etc.",
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    }
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      "affecting": "ukpga/2013/15",
      "affecting_title": "Antarctic Act 2013",
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    }
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  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1994/15",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:34:12.844220+00:00",
    "licence": "OGL-UK-3.0",
    "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
    "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
  }
}