{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1981/61",
  "title": "British Nationality Act 1981",
  "short_title": "British Nationality Act 1981",
  "long_title": "An Act to make fresh provision about citizenship and nationality, and to amend the Immigration Act 1971 as regards the right of abode in the United Kingdom.",
  "citation": "1981 c. 61",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1981",
  "number": "61",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1981-10-30",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2025-12-02",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 26,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/introduction",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "I",
      "heading": "British Citizenship",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Acquisition after commencement",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
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      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Acquisition by birth or adoption.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-1",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
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      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Acquisition by descent.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
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      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: minors.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: British overseas territories citizensetc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/4A",
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      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: further provision for British overseas territories citizens",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4A",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/4AA",
      "kind": "section",
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      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: Irish citizens",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4AA",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4B",
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      "number": "4B",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: certain persons without other citizenship",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4B",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/4C",
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      "number": "4C",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: certain persons born before 1983",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4C",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/4D",
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      "number": "4D",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: children of members of the armed forces",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4D",
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      "path": "section/4E",
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      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4E",
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      "path": "section/4F",
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      "heading": "Person unable to be registered under other provisions of this Act",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4F",
      "extent": null,
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      "path": "section/4G",
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      "heading": "Person unable to become citizen automatically after commencement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4G",
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    {
      "path": "section/4H",
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      "number": "4H",
      "heading": "Citizen of UK and colonies unable to become citizen at commencement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4H",
      "extent": null,
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      "path": "section/4I",
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      "heading": "Other person unable to become citizen at commencement",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/4J",
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      "number": "4J",
      "heading": "Sections 4E to 4I: supplementary provision",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4J",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/4K",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4K",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: certain British overseas territories citizens",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4K",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4L",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4L",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: special circumstances",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-4L",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: British overseas territories citizens having connection with Gibraltar",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
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      "path": "section/6",
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      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Acquisition by naturalisation.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-6",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
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    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement-special-cases",
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      "heading": "Acquisition after commencement: special cases",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
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      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Right to registration by virtue of residence in U.K. or relevant employment.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-7",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement-special-cases"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
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      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Registration by virtue of marriage.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement-special-cases"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Right to registration by virtue of father’s citizenship etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement-special-cases"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Registration following renunciation of citizenship of U.K. and Colonies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement-special-cases"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10A",
      "heading": "Acquisition in connection with immigration rules Appendix EU",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-10A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement-special-cases"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/acquisition-at-commencement",
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      "heading": "Acquisition at commencement",
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    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Citizens of U.K. and Colonies who are to become British citizens at commencement.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-11",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/renunciation-and-resumption",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
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      "heading": "Renunciation.",
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      "status": null,
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    {
      "path": "section/13",
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      "heading": "Resumption.",
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      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/renunciation-and-resumption"
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    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/supplementary",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
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      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Meaning of British citizen (by descent).",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-14",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/supplementary"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
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      "number": "II",
      "heading": "British overseas territories citizenship",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement",
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    {
      "path": "section/15",
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      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Acquisition by birth or adoption.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-15",
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      "status": null,
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      "path": "section/16",
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      "heading": "Acquisition by descent.",
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      "status": null,
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    {
      "path": "section/17",
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      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: minors.",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17A",
      "heading": "Registration: remedying inability of mothers to transmit citizenship",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17B",
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      "heading": "Registration: unmarried fathers; the general conditions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17B",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17C",
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      "heading": "Person unable to be registered under other provisions of this Act",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17C",
      "extent": null,
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    {
      "path": "section/17D",
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      "heading": "Person unable to become citizen automatically after commencement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17D",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/17E",
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      "number": "17E",
      "heading": "Citizen of UK and Colonies unable to become citizen at commencement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17E",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
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    {
      "path": "section/17F",
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      "number": "17F",
      "heading": "Other person unable to become citizen at commencement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17F",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17G",
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      "number": "17G",
      "heading": "Sections 17B to 17F: supplementary provision",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17G",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/17H",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "17H",
      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: descendants of those born in British Indian Ocean Territory",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17H",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17I",
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      "heading": "Acquisition by registration: special circumstances",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-17I",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
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      "heading": "Acquisition by naturalisation.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-18",
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      "status": null,
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    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-after-commencement-special-cases",
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      "heading": "Acquisition after commencement: special cases",
      "url": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
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      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Right to registration by virtue of residence in British overseas territory.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-19",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
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      "path": "section/20",
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      "heading": "Registration by virtue of marriage.",
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    {
      "path": "section/21",
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      "number": "21",
      "heading": "Right to registration by virtue of father’s citizenship etc.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-21",
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    },
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      "path": "section/22",
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      "heading": "Right to registration replacing right to resume citizenship of U.K. and Colonies.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-22",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/acquisition-at-commencement",
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      "path": "section/23",
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      "heading": "Citizens of U.K. and Colonies who are to become British overseas territories citizens at commencement.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-23",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
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    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/renunciation-and-resumption",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
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      "heading": "Renunciation and resumption.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-24",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/renunciation-and-resumption"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/supplementary",
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      "heading": "Supplementary",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/25",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "25",
      "heading": "Meaning of British overseas territories citizen“by descent”.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-25",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II/crossheading/supplementary"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/III",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "III",
      "heading": "British Overseas Citizenship",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/26",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "26",
      "heading": "Citizens of U.K. and Colonies who are to become British Overseas citizens at commencement.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-26",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/27",
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      "number": "27",
      "heading": "Registration of minors.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/british-nationality-act-1981/section-27",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/III"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/28",
      "kind": "section",
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      "heading": "Registration by virtue of marriage.",
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