{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/building-safety-act-2022/section-131",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/building-safety-act-2022/section-131.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/2022/30",
  "legislation_title": "Building Safety Act 2022",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/building-safety-act-2022",
  "path": "section/131",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "131",
  "heading": "Building liability orders: associates",
  "text": "(1) For the purposes of section 130, a body corporate (A) is associated with another body corporate (B) if—\n(a) one of them controls the other, or\n(b) a third body corporate controls both of them.\nSubsections (2) to (4) set out the cases in which a body corporate is regarded as controlling another body corporate.\n(2) A body corporate (X) controls a company (Y) if X possesses or is entitled to acquire—\n(a) at least half of the issued share capital of Y,\n(b) such rights as would entitle X to exercise at least half of the votes exercisable in general meetings of Y,\n(c) such part of the issued share capital of Y as would entitle X to at least half of the amount distributed, if the whole of the income of Y were in fact distributed among the shareholders, or\n(d) such rights as would, in the event of the winding up of Y or in any other circumstances, entitle it to receive at least half of the assets of Y which would then be available for distribution among the shareholders.\n(3) A body corporate (X) controls a limited liability partnership (Y) if X—\n(a) holds a majority of the voting rights in Y,\n(b) is a member of Y and has a right to appoint or remove a majority of other members, or\n(c) is a member of Y and controls alone, or pursuant to an agreement with other members, a majority of the voting rights in Y.\n(4) A body corporate (X) controls another body corporate (Y) if X has the power, directly or indirectly, to secure that the affairs of Y are conducted in accordance with X’s wishes.\n(5) In subsection (3) a reference to “voting rights” is to the rights conferred on members in respect of their interest in a limited liability partnership to vote on those matters which are to be decided on by a vote of the members of the limited liability partnership.\n(6) In determining under any of subsections (2) to (4) whether one body corporate (X) controls another, X is treated as possessing—\n(a) any rights and powers possessed by a person as nominee for it, and\n(b) any rights and powers possessed by a body corporate which it controls (including rights and powers which such a body corporate would be taken to possess by virtue of this paragraph).\n(7) For the purposes of section 130 as it applies in relation to a building, where a person’s interest in the building is held on trust, a body corporate which is a beneficiary of the trust is to be regarded as associated with the person.",
  "extent": "E+W",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I1",
      "text": "S. 131 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 170(5)"
    },
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I2",
      "text": "S. 131 in force at 28.6.2022 by S.I. 2022/561, regs. 1(2), 3(h)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2022/30/section/131",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T08:56:43.272944+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}