{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004.json",
  "id": "ukpga/2004/31",
  "title": "Children Act 2004",
  "long_title": "An Act to make provision for the establishment of a Children’s Commissioner; to make provision about services provided to and for children and young people by local authorities and other persons; to make provision in relation to Wales about advisory and support services relating to family proceedings; to make provision about private fostering, child minding and day care, adoption review panels, the defence of reasonable punishment, the making of grants as respects children and families, child safety orders, the Children’s Commissioner for Wales, the publication of material relating to children involved in certain legal proceedings and the disclosure by the Inland Revenue of information relating to children.",
  "citation": "2004 c. 31",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "2004",
  "number": "31",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2004-11-15",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-09-30",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 21,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/introduction",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Children’s Commissioner",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Establishment",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Primary function: children's rights, views and interests",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2A",
      "heading": "United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-2A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2B",
      "heading": "Involving children in the discharge of the primary function",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-2B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2C",
      "heading": "Primary function: reports",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-2C",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2D",
      "heading": "Provision of advice and assistance to certain children in England",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-2D",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2E",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2E",
      "heading": "Powers to enter premises to conduct interviews or observe standards",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-2E",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2F",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2F",
      "heading": "Provision of information to Commissioner",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-2F",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Inquiries initiated by Commissioner",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-3",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Other inquiries held by Commissioner",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-4",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Functions of Commissioner in Wales",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-5",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Functions of Commissioner in Scotland",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-6",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Functions of Commissioner in Northern Ireland",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-7",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7A",
      "heading": "Advisory board",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-7A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7B",
      "heading": "Business plans",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-7B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Annual reports",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8A",
      "heading": "Children in England living away from home or receiving social care",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-8A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Commissioner's functions in relation to certain young people",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-9",
      "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Children’s services in England",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2/crossheading/general",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "General",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9A",
      "heading": "Targets for safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-9A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Co-operation to improve well-being",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Arrangements to safeguard and promote welfare",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-11",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Information databases",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/general"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2/crossheading/childrens-trust-boards",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Children's Trust Boards",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12A",
      "heading": "Establishment of CTBs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-12A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/childrens-trust-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12B",
      "heading": "Functions and procedures of CTBs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-12B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/childrens-trust-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12C",
      "heading": "Funding of CTBs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-12C",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/childrens-trust-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12D",
      "heading": "Supply of information to CTBs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-12D",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/childrens-trust-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2/crossheading/local-safeguarding-children-boards",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Local Safeguarding Children Boards",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Establishment of LSCBs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-13",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/local-safeguarding-children-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Functions and procedure of LSCBs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-14",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/local-safeguarding-children-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14A",
      "heading": "LSCBs: annual reports",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-14A",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/local-safeguarding-children-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14B",
      "heading": "Supply of information requested by LSCBs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-14B",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/local-safeguarding-children-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Funding of LSCBs",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-15",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/local-safeguarding-children-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15A",
      "heading": "Review of LSCBs' performance of functions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-15A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/local-safeguarding-children-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "LCSBs: supplementary",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": "repealed",
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/local-safeguarding-children-boards"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2/crossheading/child-safeguarding-practice-review-panel",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16A",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16A",
      "heading": "Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16A",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-safeguarding-practice-review-panel"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16B",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16B",
      "heading": "Functions of the Panel",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16B",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-safeguarding-practice-review-panel"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16C",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16C",
      "heading": "Events to be notified to the Panel",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16C",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-safeguarding-practice-review-panel"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16D",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16D",
      "heading": "Information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16D",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-safeguarding-practice-review-panel"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Safeguarding partners for local authority areas",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16E",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16E",
      "heading": "Local arrangements for safeguarding and promoting welfare of children",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16E",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16EA",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16EA",
      "heading": "Section 16E arrangements: multi-agency child protection teams",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16EA",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16EB",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16EB",
      "heading": "Multi-agency child protection teams: co-operation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16EB",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16F",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16F",
      "heading": "Local child safeguarding practice reviews",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16F",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16G",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16G",
      "heading": "Further provision about arrangements",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16G",
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16H",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16H",
      "heading": "Information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16H",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16I",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16I",
      "heading": "Funding",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16I",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16J",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16J",
      "heading": "Combining safeguarding partner areas and delegating functions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16J",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16K",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16K",
      "heading": "Guidance by Secretary of State",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16K",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16L",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16L",
      "heading": "Interpretation of sections 16E to 16K",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16L",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/safeguarding-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2/crossheading/continuity-of-information-for-safeguarding-and-welfare-purposes",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Continuity of information for safeguarding and welfare purposes",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16LA",
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      "number": "16LA",
      "heading": "Duty to share information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16LA",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/continuity-of-information-for-safeguarding-and-welfare-purposes"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16LB",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16LB",
      "heading": "Information standards",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16LB",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/continuity-of-information-for-safeguarding-and-welfare-purposes"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16LC",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16LC",
      "heading": "Consistent identifiers for children",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16LC",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/continuity-of-information-for-safeguarding-and-welfare-purposes"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16LD",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16LD",
      "heading": "Consistent identifiers for children: code of practice",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16LD",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/continuity-of-information-for-safeguarding-and-welfare-purposes"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2/crossheading/child-death-review-partners-for-local-authority-areas",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Child death review partners for local authority areas",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16M",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16M",
      "heading": "Child death reviews",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16M",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-death-review-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16N",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16N",
      "heading": "Information",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16N",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-death-review-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16O",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16O",
      "heading": "Funding",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16O",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-death-review-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16P",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16P",
      "heading": "Combining child death review partner areas and delegating functions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16P",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-death-review-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16Q",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16Q",
      "heading": "Guidance and interpretation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/children-act-2004/section-16Q",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2/crossheading/child-death-review-partners-for-local-authority-areas"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/2/crossheading/local-authority-administration",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Local authority administration",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
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