{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/civil-procedure-rules-1998/rule-79.22",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/civil-procedure-rules-1998/rule-79.22.json",
  "legislation": "uksi/1998/3132",
  "legislation_title": "The Civil Procedure Rules 1998",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/civil-procedure-rules-1998",
  "path": "rule/79.22",
  "kind": "rule",
  "number": "79.22",
  "heading": "Modification of the general rules of evidence and disclosure",
  "text": "(1) Part 31 (disclosure and inspection of documents), Part 32 (evidence) and Part 33 (miscellaneous rules about evidence) do not apply to any proceedings to which Section 2 or 3 of this Part applies.\n(2) Subject to the other rules in Section 2, 3 and this Section of this Part and to any directions of the court, the evidence of a witness may be given either—\n(a) orally before the court; or\n(b) in a witness statement.\n(3) The court may also receive evidence in documentary or any other form.\n(4) A party is entitled to adduce evidence and to cross-examine witnesses during any part of a hearing from which a party and that party’s legal representative are not excluded.\n(4A) A special advocate is entitled to adduce evidence and to cross-examine witnesses.\n(5) The court may require a witness to give evidence on oath or by affirmation.",
  "extent": null,
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Pt. 79 inserted (4.12.2008) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2008 (S.I. 2008/3085), rule 1, Sch."
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Words in rule 79.22(1) inserted (1.10.2009) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/2092), rules 1(2), 18(f)(i)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Words in rule 79.22(2) inserted (1.10.2009) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/2092), rules 1(2), 18(f)(ii)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Rule 79.22(4A) inserted (1.10.2009) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/2092), rules 1(2), 18(f)(iii)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1998/3132/rule/79.22",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T11:12:59.276840+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}