{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/clean-air-act-1993/section-27",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/clean-air-act-1993/section-27.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/1993/11",
  "legislation_title": "Clean Air Act 1993",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/clean-air-act-1993",
  "path": "section/27",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "27",
  "heading": "References to adaptations for avoiding contraventions of ... Schedule 1A.",
  "text": "(1) References in this Part to adaptations in or in connection with a dwelling to avoid the imposition of a financial penalty under Schedule 1A (penalty for emission of smoke in England or Wales) shall be read as references to the execution of any of the following works (whether in or outside the dwelling), that is to say—\n(a) adapting or converting any fireplace;\n(b) replacing any fireplace by another fireplace or by some other means of heating or cooking;\n(c) altering any chimney which serves any fireplace;\n(d) providing gas ignition, electric ignition or any other special means of ignition; or\n(e) carrying out any operation incidental to any of the operations mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (d);\nbeing works which are reasonably necessary in order to make what is in all the circumstances suitable provision for heating and cooking without ...incurring liability under Schedule 1A.\n(2) For the purposes of this section the provision of any igniting apparatus or appliance (whether fixed or not) operating by means of gas, electricity or other special means shall be treated as the execution of works.\n(3) Except for the purposes of section 24 (power of local authority to require certain adaptations), works which make such suitable provision as is mentioned in subsection (1) shall not be treated as not being adaptations to avoid ... liability under Schedule 1A to this Act by reason that they go beyond what is reasonably necessary for that purpose, but any expenditure incurred in executing them in excess of the expenditure which would have been reasonably incurred in doing what was reasonably necessary shall be left out of account.\n(4) References in this section to a dwelling include references to any premises or part of any premises to which section 26 (grants towards certain adaptations in churches and other buildings) applies , and to any vessel to which section 26 or 26A (adaptations of vessels in England) applies.",
  "extent": "E+W+S",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Words in s. 27(1) substituted (E.W.) (31.7.2025) by Environment (Air Quality and Soundscapes) (Wales) Act 2024 (asc 2), s. 30(3), Sch. 1 para. 15(b)(i); S.I. 2025/937, art. 2(g)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Words in s. 27(1) omitted (E.W.) (31.7.2025) by virtue of Environment (Air Quality and Soundscapes) (Wales) Act 2024 (asc 2), s. 30(3), Sch. 1 para. 15(b)(ii); S.I. 2025/937, art. 2(g)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Words in s. 27(1) inserted (E.W.) (1.5.2022) by Environment Act 2021 (c. 30), s. 147(3), Sch. 12 para. 20(b)(iii) (with s. 144, Sch. 12 para. 26); S.I. 2022/48, reg. 4(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Words in s. 27(3) omitted (E.W.) (31.7.2025) by virtue of Environment (Air Quality and Soundscapes) (Wales) Act 2024 (asc 2), s. 30(3), Sch. 1 para. 15(c); S.I. 2025/937, art. 2(g)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "Words in s. 27(3) inserted (E.W.) (1.5.2022) by Environment Act 2021 (c. 30), s. 147(3), Sch. 12 para. 20(c) (with s. 144, Sch. 12 para. 26); S.I. 2022/48, reg. 4(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F6",
      "text": "Words in s. 27(4) inserted (E.W.) (1.5.2022) by Environment Act 2021 (c. 30), s. 147(3), Sch. 12 para. 20(d) (with s. 144, Sch. 12 para. 26); S.I. 2022/48, reg. 4(d)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F7",
      "text": "Words in s. 27 heading omitted (E.W.) (31.7.2025) by virtue of Environment (Air Quality and Soundscapes) (Wales) Act 2024 (asc 2), s. 30(3), Sch. 1 para. 15(a); S.I. 2025/937, art. 2(g)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F8",
      "text": "Words in s. 27 heading inserted (E.W.) (1.5.2022) by Environment Act 2021 (c. 30), s. 147(3), Sch. 12 para. 20(a) (with s. 144, Sch. 12 para. 26); S.I. 2022/48, reg. 4(d)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1993/11/section/27",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:35:15.099775+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}