{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/companies-act-1985/section-453D",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/companies-act-1985/section-453D.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/1985/6",
  "legislation_title": "Companies Act 1985",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/companies-act-1985",
  "path": "section/453D",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "453D",
  "heading": "Offences by bodies corporate",
  "text": "Where an offence under any of sections 448, 449 to 451 and 453A is committed by a body corporate, every officer of the body who is in default also commits the offence. For this purpose—\n(a) any person who purports to act as director, manager or secretary of the body is treated as an officer of the body, and\n(b) if the body is a company, any shadow director is treated as an officer of the company.",
  "extent": null,
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "S. 453D inserted (6.4.2008) by The Companies Act 2006 (Consequential Amendments etc) Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/948), arts. 2(2), 3(1), Sch. 1 para. 82 (with arts. 6, 11, 12)"
    },
    {
      "type": "C",
      "label": "C1",
      "text": "S. 453D applied (with modifications) (E.W.S.) (6.4.2014) by The Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies and Credit Unions (Investigations) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/574), regs. 1(1), 2"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/6/section/453D",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T10:00:40.159612+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}