{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-act-1988/section-32",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-act-1988/section-32.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/1988/33",
  "legislation_title": "Criminal Justice Act 1988",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-act-1988",
  "path": "section/32",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "32",
  "heading": "Evidence through television links when witness abroad: service courts.",
  "text": "(A1) This section applies only so far as provided by an order under paragraph 8 of Schedule 13.\n(1) A person other than the accused may give evidence through a live television link in proceedings to which subsection (1A) below applies if—\n(a) the witness is outside the United Kingdom; . . .\n(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\nbut evidence may not be so given without the leave of the court.\n(1A) This subsection applies—\n(a) to trials on indictment, appeals to the criminal division of the Court of Appeal and hearings of references under section 9 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1995; and\n(b) to proceedings in youth courts , appeals to the Crown Court arising out of such proceedings and hearings of references under section 11 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1995 so arising.\n(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(3) A statement made on oath by a witness outside the United Kingdom and given in evidence through a link by virtue of this section shall be treated for the purposes of section 1 of the Perjury Act 1911 as having been made in the proceedings in which it is given in evidence.\n(3A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(3B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(3C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(3D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(3E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(4) Without prejudice to the generality of any enactment conferring power to make Criminal Procedure Rules, such rules may make such provision as appears to the Criminal Procedure Rule Committee to be necessary or expedient for the purposes of this section.\n(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\n(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .",
  "extent": "E+W",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "S. 32(A1) inserted (28.6.2022) by Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 (c. 32), s. 208(5)(y), Sch. 20 para. 5(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(1) substituted (1.10.1992) by Criminal Justice Act 1991 (c. 53, SIF 39:1), s. 55(2)(a); S.I. 1992/333, art. 2(2), Sch. 2."
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "S. 32(1)(b) and word preceding it repealed (24.7.2002 for specified purposes and otherwise 6.12.2006) by 1999 c. 23, ss. 67, 68(3), Sch. 6 (with Sch. 7 paras. 3(2), 5(2)); S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(g)(iii)); S.I. 2006/2885, art. 2(b)(vii)(aa)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "S. 32(1)(b) and word preceding it repealed (24.7.2002 for certain specified purposes otherwise prosp.) by 1999 c. 23, ss. 67, 68(3), Sch. 6 (with Sch. 7 paras. 3(2), 5(2)); S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(g)(iii)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "S. 32(1A) inserted (1.10.1992) by Criminal Justice Act 1991 (c. 53, SIF 39:1), s. 55(3); S.I. 1992/333, art. 2(2), Sch. 2."
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F6",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(1A)(a) substituted (31.3.1997) by 1995 c. 35, s. 29(1), Sch. 2 , para. 16(2)(a); S.I. 1997/402, art. 3"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F7",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(1A)(b) substituted (31.3.1997) by 1995 c. 35, s. 29(1), Sch. 2 para. 16(2)(b); S.I. 1997/402, art. 3"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F8",
      "text": "S. 32(2)(3A)-(3E)(6) repealed (24.7.2002 for specified purposes and otherwise prosp.) by 1999 c. 23, ss. 67, 68(3), Sch. 6 (with Sch. 7 paras. 3(2), 5(2)); S.I. 2002/1739, art. 2(g)(iii))"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F9",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(4) substituted (1.9.2004) by The Courts Act 2003 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/2035), art. 3, Sch. para. 26(2)(a) (with art. 2(2))"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F10",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(4) substituted (1.9.2004) by The Courts Act 2003 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/2035), art. 3, Sch. para. 26(2)(b) (with art. 2(2))"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F11",
      "text": "S. 32(5) omitted (1.9.2004) by virtue of The Courts Act 2003 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/2035), art. 3, Sch. para. 26(3) (with art. 2(2))"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F12",
      "text": "Words in s. 32 heading inserted (28.6.2022) by Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022 (c. 32), s. 208(5)(y), Sch. 20 para. 5(a)"
    },
    {
      "type": "M",
      "label": "M1",
      "text": "1911 c. 6."
    },
    {
      "type": "C",
      "label": "C1",
      "text": "S. 32(1)(1)(b)(2)(a)-(c)(3) applied (with modifications) (8.3.1993) by S.I. 1993/244, art. 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "C",
      "label": "C2",
      "text": "S. 32(1)(3) applied (with modifications) (31.10.2009) by The Court Martial Appeal Court (Evidence) Order (S.I. 2009/2569), {art. 3}"
    },
    {
      "type": "C",
      "label": "C3",
      "text": "S. 32(1)(a)(3) applied (with modifications) (6.12.2006) by The Criminal Justice Act 1988 (Application to Service Courts) (Evidence) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/2890), art. 3, Sch."
    },
    {
      "type": "C",
      "label": "C4",
      "text": "S. 32(1A) applied (22.7.2013) by The Evidence Through Television Links (England and Wales) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1598), arts. 1(1), 2"
    },
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I1",
      "text": "S. 32 partly in force; s. 32 not in force at Royal Assent see s. 171; s. 32 except subsections (1)(a)(3) in force at 5.1.1989 by 1988/2073, art. 2, Sch.; s. 32(1)(a)(3) in force for certain purposes at 1.9.2004 by S.I. 2004/2167, art. 2 (subject to art. 3)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/33/section/32",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:47:56.668542+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}