{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016.json",
  "id": "asp/2016/1",
  "title": "Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016",
  "short_title": "Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016",
  "long_title": "An Act of the Scottish Parliament to make provision about criminal justice including as to police powers and rights of suspects and as to criminal evidence, procedure and sentencing; to establish the Police Negotiating Board for Scotland; and for connected purposes.",
  "citation": "2016 asp 1",
  "type": "asp",
  "year": "2016",
  "number": "1",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2016-01-13",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-03-30",
  "extent": "S",
  "unapplied_effects": 3,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/introduction",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1",
      "kind": "part",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "ARREST AND CUSTODY",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/1",
      "kind": "chapter",
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      "heading": "ARREST BY POLICE",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/1/crossheading/arrest-without-warrant",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Arrest without warrant",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Power of a constable",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-1",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1/crossheading/arrest-without-warrant"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Exercise of the power",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-2",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1/crossheading/arrest-without-warrant"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/1/crossheading/procedure-following-arrest",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Procedure following arrest",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Information to be given on arrest",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-3",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
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      "heading": "Arrested person to be taken to police station",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-4",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1/crossheading/procedure-following-arrest"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
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      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Information to be given at police station",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-5",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1/crossheading/procedure-following-arrest"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
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      "heading": "Information to be recorded by police",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-6",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/1/crossheading/procedure-following-arrest"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/2",
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      "heading": "CUSTODY: PERSON NOT OFFICIALLY ACCUSED",
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      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/keeping-person-in-custody",
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      "heading": "Keeping person in custody",
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      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2"
    },
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      "path": "section/7",
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      "extent": "S",
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      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/keeping-person-in-custody"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
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      "heading": "Information to be given on authorisation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-8",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/keeping-person-in-custody"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
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      "heading": "12 hour limit: general rule",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-9",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/keeping-person-in-custody"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
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      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-11",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
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      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Information to be given on authorisation under section 11",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-12",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/keeping-person-in-custody"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
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      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Custody review",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-13",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/keeping-person-in-custody"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Test for sections 7, 11 and 13",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-14",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/keeping-person-in-custody"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
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      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Medical treatment",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-15",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/keeping-person-in-custody"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/investigative-liberation",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Investigative liberation",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "16",
      "heading": "Release on conditions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-16",
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      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/investigative-liberation"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
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      "number": "17",
      "heading": "Conditions ceasing to apply",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-17",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/investigative-liberation"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
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      "number": "18",
      "heading": "Modification or removal of conditions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-18",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
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      "number": "19",
      "heading": "Review of conditions",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-19",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/investigative-liberation"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/3",
      "kind": "chapter",
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      "heading": "CUSTODY: PERSON OFFICIALLY ACCUSED",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/person-to-be-brought-before-court",
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      "heading": "Person to be brought before court",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
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      "number": "20",
      "heading": "Information to be given in particular cases",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-20",
      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/person-to-be-brought-before-court"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
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      "heading": "Person to be brought before court",
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      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/person-to-be-brought-before-court"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
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      "number": "22",
      "heading": "Under 18s to be kept in place of safety prior to court",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-22",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/person-to-be-brought-before-court"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
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      "number": "23",
      "heading": "Notice to parent that under 18 to be brought before court",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-23",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/person-to-be-brought-before-court"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
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      "number": "24",
      "heading": "Notice to local authority that under 18 to be brought before court",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-24",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/person-to-be-brought-before-court"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/3/crossheading/police-liberation",
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      "heading": "Police liberation",
      "url": null,
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/3"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/25",
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      "heading": "Liberation by police",
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    {
      "path": "section/26",
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      "heading": "Release on undertaking",
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    {
      "path": "section/27",
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    {
      "path": "section/28",
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    {
      "path": "section/29",
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    {
      "path": "section/29A",
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      "heading": "Expiry of undertaking: coronavirus-related reason for non-appearance",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-29A",
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    {
      "path": "section/30",
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    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/4",
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    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/rights-of-suspects",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/31",
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    {
      "path": "section/32",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/33",
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      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/rights-of-suspects"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/person-not-officially-accused",
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      "heading": "Person not officially accused",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/34",
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      "heading": "Questioning following arrest",
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      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/person-not-officially-accused"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/person-officially-accused",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/35",
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    {
      "path": "section/36",
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      "parent": "part/1/chapter/4/crossheading/person-officially-accused"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/5",
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      "heading": "RIGHTS OF SUSPECTS IN POLICE CUSTODY",
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      "extent": "S",
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    },
    {
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      "url": null,
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      "parent": "part/1/chapter/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/38",
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      "heading": "Right to have intimation sent to other person",
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      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/39",
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      "heading": "Right to have intimation sent: under 18s",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-39",
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/40",
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      "heading": "Right of under 18s to have access to other person",
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      "extent": "S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/5/crossheading/intimation-and-access-to-another-person"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/41",
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      "number": "41",
      "heading": "Social work involvement in relation to under 18s",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-41",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/5/crossheading/intimation-and-access-to-another-person"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/5/crossheading/vulnerable-persons",
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      "heading": "Vulnerable persons",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/42",
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      "number": "42",
      "heading": "Support for vulnerable persons",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-42",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/5/crossheading/vulnerable-persons"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/5/crossheading/intimation-and-access-to-a-solicitor",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Intimation and access to a solicitor",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/1/chapter/5"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/43",
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      "heading": "Right to have intimation sent to solicitor",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-43",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/5/crossheading/intimation-and-access-to-a-solicitor"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/44",
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      "number": "44",
      "heading": "Right to consultation with solicitor",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-justice-scotland-act-2016/section-44",
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1/chapter/5/crossheading/intimation-and-access-to-a-solicitor"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/6",
      "kind": "chapter",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "POLICE POWERS AND DUTIES",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/1"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/1/chapter/6/crossheading/powers-of-police",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Powers of police",
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