{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-procedure-rules-2025/rule-18.23",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-procedure-rules-2025/rule-18.23.json",
  "legislation": "uksi/2025/909",
  "legislation_title": "The Criminal Procedure Rules 2025",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/criminal-procedure-rules-2025",
  "path": "rule/18.23",
  "kind": "rule",
  "number": "18.23",
  "heading": "Declaration by intermediary",
  "text": "(1) This rule applies where—\n(a) a video recorded interview with a witness is conducted through an intermediary; or\n(b) the court directs the examination of a witness or defendant through an intermediary.\n(2) The intermediary must make a declaration—\n(a) before such an interview begins; and\n(b) before the examination begins (even if such an interview with the witness was conducted through the same intermediary).\n(3) The declaration must be in these terms, or in any corresponding terms that the intermediary declares to be binding—\n“I swear by Almighty God [or I solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm] that I shall faithfully communicate questions and answers and make true explanation of all matters and things required of me according to the best of my skill and understanding.”",
  "extent": "E+W",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I1",
      "text": "Rule 18.23 in force at 6.10.2025, see Preamble"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [
    {
      "type": "word inserted",
      "affecting": "uksi/2026/721",
      "affecting_title": "The Criminal Procedure (Amendment) (No. 2) Rules 2026"
    },
    {
      "type": "word omitted",
      "affecting": "uksi/2026/721",
      "affecting_title": "The Criminal Procedure (Amendment) (No. 2) Rules 2026"
    }
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/909/rule/18.23",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28T21:12:44.140935+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}