{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/data-protection-act-2018/section-104",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/data-protection-act-2018/section-104.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/2018/12",
  "legislation_title": "Data Protection Act 2018",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/data-protection-act-2018",
  "path": "section/104",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "104",
  "heading": "Joint controllers",
  "text": "(1) Where two or more controllers jointly determine the purposes and means of processing personal data, they are joint controllers for the purposes of this Part.\n(2) Joint controllers must, in a transparent manner, determine their respective responsibilities for compliance with this Part by means of an arrangement between them, except to the extent that those responsibilities are determined under or by virtue of an enactment.\n(3) The arrangement must designate the controller which is to be the contact point for data subjects.",
  "extent": null,
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Word in s. 104(1) substituted (17.11.2025) by Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), ss. 90(6), 142(1); S.I. 2025/996, reg. 2(2)(b)"
    },
    {
      "type": "I",
      "label": "I1",
      "text": "S. 104 in force at 16.9.2019 by S.I. 2019/1188, reg. 2(d)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/104",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:04:55.804064+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}