{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022.json",
  "id": "nia/2022/30",
  "title": "Defamation Act (Northern Ireland) 2022",
  "short_title": "Defamation Act (Northern Ireland) 2022",
  "long_title": "An Act to amend the law of defamation.",
  "citation": "2022 nia 30",
  "type": "nia",
  "year": "2022",
  "number": "30",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "2022-06-06",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2022-06-07",
  "extent": "N.I.",
  "unapplied_effects": 0,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/introduction",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/defences",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Defences",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "1",
      "heading": "Truth",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-1",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/defences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "2",
      "heading": "Honest opinion",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-2",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/defences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/3",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "3",
      "heading": "Publication on matter of public interest",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-3",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/defences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/4",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "4",
      "heading": "Peer-reviewed statement in scientific or academic journal etc",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-4",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/defences"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "5",
      "heading": "Reports etc protected by privilege",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-5",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/defences"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/jurisdiction",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Jurisdiction",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/6",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "6",
      "heading": "Action against a person not domiciled in the UK",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-6",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/jurisdiction"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/trial-by-jury",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Trial by jury",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/7",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "7",
      "heading": "Trial to be without a jury unless the court orders otherwise",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-7",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/trial-by-jury"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/summary-of-court-judgment",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Summary of court judgment",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/8",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "8",
      "heading": "Power of court to order a summary of its judgment to be published",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-8",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/summary-of-court-judgment"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/powers-of-the-court",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Powers of the court",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/9",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "9",
      "heading": "Powers of the court",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-9",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/powers-of-the-court"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/slander",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Slander",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/10",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "10",
      "heading": "Special damage",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-10",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/slander"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/review-of-defamation-law",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Review of defamation law",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/11",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "11",
      "heading": "Review of defamation law",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-11",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/review-of-defamation-law"
    },
    {
      "path": "crossheading/general-provisions",
      "kind": "crossheading",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "General provisions",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "12",
      "heading": "Interpretation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-12",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/general-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "13",
      "heading": "Consequential amendments and savings etc",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-13",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/general-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "14",
      "heading": "Commencement",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-14",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/general-provisions"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/15",
      "kind": "section",
      "number": "15",
      "heading": "Short title",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/section-15",
      "extent": "N.I.",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "crossheading/general-provisions"
    }
  ],
  "has_text": true,
  "pdfs": [
    {
      "title": "Printed copy",
      "main": true,
      "language": null,
      "date": "2022-06-08",
      "size": 382936,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/pdf/nia_20220030_en.pdf",
      "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2022/30/pdfs/nia_20220030_en.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Explanatory Note",
      "main": false,
      "language": null,
      "date": "2022-12-23",
      "size": 807538,
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/pdf/niaen_20220030_en.pdf",
      "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2022/30/pdfs/niaen_20220030_en.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "made_under": [],
  "changes_made_to": 15,
  "changes_made_to_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/changes.json",
  "changes_made_by": 35,
  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 0,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/defamation-act-northern-ireland-2022/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nia/2022/30",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T20:19:12.019264+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}