{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996.json",
  "id": "ukpga/1996/17",
  "title": "Employment Tribunals Act 1996",
  "short_title": "Employment Tribunals Act 1996",
  "long_title": "An Act to consolidate enactments relating to employment tribunals and the Employment Appeal Tribunal.",
  "citation": "1996 c. 17",
  "type": "ukpga",
  "year": "1996",
  "number": "17",
  "version": "current",
  "date": "1996-05-22",
  "revised": true,
  "valid_from": "2026-10-01",
  "extent": "E+W+S",
  "unapplied_effects": 29,
  "provisions": [
    {
      "path": "introduction",
      "kind": "introduction",
      "number": null,
      "heading": "Introductory text",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/introduction",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I",
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      "number": "I",
      "heading": "Employment Tribunals",
      "url": null,
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": null
    },
    {
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      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/1",
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      "heading": "Employment tribunals",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-1",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/jurisdiction",
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      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/2",
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      "heading": "Enactments conferring jurisdiction on employment tribunals.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-2",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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      "heading": "Power to confer further jurisdiction on employment tribunals.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-3",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/membership-etc",
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      "heading": "Membership etc.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/3A",
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      "heading": "Meaning of “Employment Judge”",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-3A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-4",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/membership-etc"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/5",
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      "heading": "Remuneration, fees and allowances.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-5",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/5A",
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      "path": "section/5B",
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      "path": "section/5C",
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      "path": "section/5D",
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    {
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    {
      "path": "section/7B",
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      "heading": "Mediation",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-7B",
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    {
      "path": "section/8",
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      "heading": "Procedure in contract cases.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-8",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
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    {
      "path": "section/9",
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      "heading": "Preliminary hearings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-9",
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    {
      "path": "section/10",
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      "heading": "National security.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-10",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/10A",
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      "number": "10A",
      "heading": "Confidential information.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-10A",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/10B",
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      "heading": "Restriction of publicity in cases involving national security.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-10B",
      "extent": null,
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    {
      "path": "section/11",
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      "heading": "Restriction of publicity in cases involving sexual misconduct.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-11",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    {
      "path": "section/12",
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      "heading": "Restriction of publicity in disability cases.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-12",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/procedure"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/financial-penalties",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Financial penalties",
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      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/12A",
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      "number": "12A",
      "heading": "Financial penalties",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-12A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/financial-penalties"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/costs-etc-interest-and-enforcement",
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      "heading": "Costs etc, interest and enforcement",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/13",
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      "heading": "Costs and expenses.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/13A",
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      "heading": "Payments in respect of preparation time",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-13A",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/14",
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      "heading": "Interest.",
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      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/costs-etc-interest-and-enforcement"
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    {
      "path": "section/15",
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      "heading": "Enforcement.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/recoupment-of-social-security-benefits",
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      "number": null,
      "heading": "Recoupment of social security benefits",
      "url": null,
      "extent": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/16",
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      "heading": "Power to provide for recoupment of benefits.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-16",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/recoupment-of-social-security-benefits"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/17",
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      "heading": "Recoupment: further provisions.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-17",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/recoupment-of-social-security-benefits"
    },
    {
      "path": "part/I/crossheading/conciliation",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/18",
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      "heading": "Conciliation : relevant proceedings etc..",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-18",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/conciliation"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18A",
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      "heading": "Requirement to contact ACAS before instituting proceedings",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-18A",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/conciliation"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18B",
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      "heading": "Conciliation before institution of proceedings: other ACAS duties",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-18B",
      "extent": null,
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      "parent": "part/I/crossheading/conciliation"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/18C",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/19A",
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      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-19A",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II",
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    },
    {
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/20",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/jurisdiction",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/21",
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/membership-etc",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/22",
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      "heading": "Membership of Appeal Tribunal.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/23",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/24",
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      "path": "section/24A",
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    {
      "path": "section/24B",
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    {
      "path": "section/25",
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      "heading": "Tenure of appointed members.",
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      "path": "section/26",
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      "heading": "Staff.",
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      "path": "section/27",
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    },
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/30",
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      "heading": "Appeal Tribunal procedure rules.",
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/31",
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      "heading": "Restriction of publicity in cases involving sexual misconduct.",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/32",
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      "heading": "Restriction of publicity in disability cases.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-32",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/33",
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      "heading": "Restriction of vexatious proceedings.",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-33",
      "extent": "E+W+S",
      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "section/34",
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      "heading": "Costs and expenses",
      "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/section-34",
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      "status": null,
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    },
    {
      "path": "part/II/crossheading/decisions-and-further-appeals",
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      "status": null,
      "parent": "part/II"
    },
    {
      "path": "section/35",
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      "heading": "Powers of Appeal Tribunal.",
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      "path": "part/2A",
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  "changes_made_by_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/changes/by-it.json",
  "instruments_made_under": 66,
  "instruments_made_under_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/employment-tribunals-act-1996/instruments.json",
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/17",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T09:32:15.822367+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}