{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/estate-agents-act-1979/section-32",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/estate-agents-act-1979/section-32.json",
  "legislation": "ukpga/1979/38",
  "legislation_title": "Estate Agents Act 1979",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/estate-agents-act-1979",
  "path": "section/32",
  "kind": "section",
  "number": "32",
  "heading": "Meaning of “associate”.",
  "text": "(1) In this Act “associate” includes a business associate and otherwise has the meaning given by the following provisions of this section.\n(2) A person is an associate of another if he is the spouse or civil partner or a relative of that other or of a business associate of that other.\n(3) In subsection (2) above “relative” means brother, sister, uncle, aunt, nephew, niece, lineal ancestor or linear descendant, ... references to a spouse include a former spouse and a reputed spouse, and references to a civil partner include a former civil partner and a reputed civil partner; and for the purposes of this subsection a relationship shall be established as if an illegitimate child or step-child of a person were the legitimate child of the relationship in question .\n(4) A body corporate is an associate of another body corporate—\n(a) if the same person is a controller of both, or a person is a controller of one and persons who are his associates, or he and persons who are his associates, are controllers of the other; or\n(b) if a group of two or more persons is a controller of each company, and the groups either consist of the same persons or could be regarded as consisting of the same persons by treating (in one or more cases) a member of either group as replaced by a person of whom he is an associate.\n(5) An unincorporated association is an associate of another unincorporated association if any person—\n(a) is an officer of both associations;\n(b) has the management or control of the activities of both associations; or\n(c) is an officer of one association and has the management or control of the activities of the other association.\n(6) A partnership is an associate of another partnership if—\n(a) any person is a member of both partnerships; or\n(b) a person who is a member of one partnership is an associate of a member of the other partnership; or\n(c) a member of one partnership has an associate who is also an associate of a member of the other partnership.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F1",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(2) inserted (5.12.2005) by Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33), s. 263(10)(b), Sch. 27 para. 63(2); S.I. 2005/3175, art. 2(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F2",
      "text": "Word in s. 32(3) repealed (5.12.2005) by Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33), s. 263(10)(b), Sch. 27 para. 63(3)(a), Sch. 30; S.I. 2005/3175, art. 2(2)(6)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F3",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(3) substituted (5.12.2005) by Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33), s. 263(10)(b), Sch. 27 para. 63(3)(b); S.I. 2005/3175, art. 2(2)"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F4",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(3) inserted (5.12.2005) by The Civil Partnership Act 2004 (Overseas Relationships and Consequential, etc. Amendments) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/3129), art. 1, Sch. 4 para. 5"
    },
    {
      "type": "F",
      "label": "F5",
      "text": "Words in s. 32(3) substituted (5.12.2005) by Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33), s. 263(10)(b), Sch. 27 para. 63(3)(c); S.I. 2005/3175, art. 2(2)"
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1979/38/section/32",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-29T10:17:14.771399+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}