{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2006-437/annex/chapter-II/division-5",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2006-437/annex/chapter-II/division-5.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2006/437",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Decision of 4 August 2006 approving a Diagnostic Manual for avian influenza as provided for in Council Directive 2005/94/EC (notified under document number C(2006) 3477) (Text with EEA relevance) (2006/437/EC)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2006-437",
  "path": "annex/chapter/II/division/5",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "5",
  "heading": "Clinical signs in birds infected with LPAI viruses",
  "text": "The severity of the disease produced by LPAI viruses is greatly influenced by:\n(a) the strain of the virus;\n(b) the species and age of the host;\n(c) the immune status of the host against the virus and particularly the presence of other infectious agents, such as:\n(i) Pasteurella spp.;\n(ii) Newcastle disease viruses (including vaccine strains);\n(iii) avian pneumovirus, infectious bronchitis virus;\n(iv) E. coli;\n(v) Mycoplasma spp.;\n(d) immunodeficiency conditions;\n(e) environmental factors (such as excess ammonia, dust, hot or cold temperatures).\nAt one extreme, the clinical signs of the disease seen may be inapparent or slight, producing only mild respiratory signs or egg production problems in laying birds. At the other extreme, infections with LPAI viruses may be associated with severe clinical signs of the disease, especially in turkeys, usually with rales, coughing, swelling of the infraorbital sinuses and a febrile condition associated with loss of appetite and with high mortality.\nLPAI may be confused with, or complicated by, many of the diseases with respiratory or enteric signs. AI must be suspected in any disease outbreak in poultry that persists despite the application of preventive and therapeutic measures for other diseases.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2006/437/annex/chapter/II/division/5",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:17:33.742537+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}