Division 6 Clinical signs in captive birds

The spectrum of clinical signs can be very broad and, as with poultry, can range from inapparent to severe signs of the disease resulting in high mortality.

Generally, infection spreads more slowly in a collection of captive birds due to the variety of different species kept, with different susceptibilities, inconsistent levels of virus shedding and often relatively slow transmission due to a low contact rate and relatively low stocking densities.