Division (4)

The investigation showed that the cartel covered the territory of the Netherlands. The size estimated is at around EUR 62 million in 2001, the last full year of the infringement. A peculiar feature of the arrangements is that the collusion occurred not only among sellers, as is usually the case, but among sellers and buyers together. Eight out of nine suppliers of road pavement bitumen and the six (now five) largest road construction companies, purchasers of the product, participated in the cartel.