Division Laboratory criteria

At least one of the following four laboratory tests:

• Demonstration of Treponema pallidum in lesion exudates or tissues by dark-field microscopic examination

• Demonstration of Treponema pallidum in lesion exudates or tissues by DFA test

• Demonstration of Treponema in lesion exudates or tissues by PCR

• Detection of Treponema pallidum antibodies by screening test (TPHA, TPPA or EIA) AND additionally detection of Tp-IgM antibodies (by IgM-ELISA, IgM immunoblot or 19S-IgM-FTA-abs) — confirmed by a second IgM assay