Annex

United Kingdom

Budget item 6 7 0 1

MS	Measure	FY	Reason for correction	Type	%	Currency	Amount	Deductions already made	Financial impact
CY	Financial audit — late payments	2005	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-307 476,09	0,0	-307 476,09
CY	Financial audit — late payments	2007	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-15 492,01	0,0	-15 492,01
TOTAL CY							-322 968,1	0,0	-322 968,1
DK	Financial audit — overshooting	2007	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-5 152,13	-5 152,13	0,0
DK	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2003	Weaknesses in on-the-spot checks	one-off	2,0	DKK	-259 091,35	0,0	-259 091,35
DK	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2003	Ineligible payments to farmers with less than 10 premium rights, non-application of sanctions	one-off		DKK	-36 000,0	0,0	-36 000,0
DK	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2003	Ineligible payments to farmers with less than 10 premium rights, non-application of sanctions	one-off		DKK	-5 470,0	0,0	-5 470,0
DK	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2004	Weaknesses in on-the-spot checks	one-off	2,0	DKK	-260 526,93	0,0	-260 526,93
DK	Meat Premiums — ewes and goats	2004	Ineligible payments to farmers with less than 10 premium rights, non-application of sanctions	one-off		DKK	-7 953,0	0,0	-7 953,0
DK	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2005	Weaknesses in on-the-spot checks	one-off	2,00	DKK	-251 525,26	0,0	-251 525,27
DK	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2005	Ineligible payments to farmers with less than 10 premium rights	ponctuelle		DKK	-6 876,0	0,0	-6 876,0
DK	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2006	Weaknesses in on-the-spot checks	one-off	2,0	DKK	-1 113,18	0,0	-1 113,18
TOTAL DK (EUR)							-5 152,13	-5 152,13	0,0
TOTAL DK (DKK)							-828 555,71	0,0	-828 555,73
EE	Direct payments	2005	Absence of control of GAEC issues	one-off	5,0	EUR	-53 048,53	0,0	-53 048,53
EE	Direct payments	2005	Late parcel identification and control of eligibility; application of undue tolerance	one-off		EUR	-8 354,58	0,0	-8 354,58
TOTAL EE							-61 403,11	0,0	-61 403,11
ES	Financial audit — late payments	2007	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-2 841 217,5	-2 841 217,5	0,0
ES	Financial audit — overshooting	2006	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-12 065,99	0,0	-12 065,99
ES	Financial audit — overshooting	2007	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	2 414 475,7	2 414 475,7	0,0
ES	Fruit and vegetables — peaches and pears processing	2006	Weaknesses in reporting of the quantities	one-off		EUR	-344 930,75	0,0	-344 930,75
ES	Public storage of sugar	2006	Erroneus declaration in e-Faudit system	one-off		EUR	-393 000,0	0,0	-393 000,0
ES	RD guarantee accompanying measures (non-area related)	2005	Weaknesses in key and ancillary controls	one-off	2,0	EUR	-3 595,0	0,0	-3 595,0
ES	RD guarantee accompanying measures (non-area related)	2006	Weaknesses in key and ancillary controls	one-off	2,0	EUR	-207 884,0	0,0	-207 884,0
ES	RD guarantee accompanying measures (non-area related)	2006	Weaknesses in key and ancillary controls	one-off	5,0	EUR	-288 357,0	0,0	-288 357,0
ES	RD guarantee accompanying measures (area related)	2004	Cross-checks with IACS not formalised, weaknesses in supervision of administrative controls	one-off	5,0	EUR	-14 615,0	0,0	-14 615,0
ES	RD guarantee accompanying measures (area related)	2005	Cross-checks with IACS not formalised, weaknesses in supervision of administrative controls	one-off	5,0	EUR	-30 439,0	0,0	-30 439,0
TOTAL ES							-1 721 628,54	-426 741,8	-1 294 886,74
FI	Financial audit — late payments	2007	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-42 506,38	-42 506,38	0,0
FI	Financial audit — overshooting	2007	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-1 726 188,56	-1 726 188,56	0,0
FI	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2004	Ineligible payments	one-off		EUR	-339,95	0,0	-339,95
FI	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2004	Deficiencies in the flock register and in the control of the supporting documents and inappropriate timing of on-the-spot checks	one-off	2,0	EUR	-27 247,15	0,0	-27 247,15
FI	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2005	Ineligible payments	one-off		EUR	-32,84	0,0	-32,84
FI	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2005	Deficiencies in the flock register and in the control of the supporting documents and inappropriate timing of on-the-spot checks	one-off	2,0	EUR	-28 736,83	0,0	-28 736,83
FI	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2006	Ineligible payments	one-off		EUR	-531,54	0,0	-531,54
FI	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2006	Deficiencies in the flock register and in the control of the supporting documents and inappropriate timing of on-the-spot checks	one-off	2,0	EUR	-28 844,64	0,0	-28 844,64
TOTAL FI							-1 854 427,9	-1 768 694,94	-85 732,96
FR	Wine — restructuring	2001	Reimbursement following annulment of Commission Decision 2005/579/EC by the judgment of the Court of Justice in case T-370/05	one-off		EUR	1 865 093,29	0,0	1 865 093,29
FR	Wine — restructuring	2002	Reimbursement following annulment of Commission Decision 2005/579/EC by the judgment of the Court of Justice in case T-370/05	one-off		EUR	7 090 032,97	0,0	7 090 032,97
FR	Wine — restructuring	2003	Reimbursement following annulment of Commission Decision 2005/579/EC by the judgment of the Court of Justice in case T-370/05	one-off		EUR	4 563 995,79	0,0	4 563 995,79
FR	Financial audit — late payments	2007	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-68 057,71	-68 057,71	0,0
FR	Financial audit — overshooting	2007	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	6 570 774,75	6 570 774,75	0,0
FR	Fruit and vegetables — nuts (other measures)	2005	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off		EUR	-103 178,78	0,0	-103 178,78
FR	Fruit and vegetables — nuts (other measures)	2006	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off		EUR	-20 217,77	0,0	-20 217,77
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2002	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off		EUR	-59 992,28	0,0	-59 992,28
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2003	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off		EUR	-679 369,4	0,0	-679 369,4
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2004	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off		EUR	-1 027 984,81	0,0	-1 027 984,81
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2004	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off	5,0	EUR	-1 304 495,63	0,0	-1 304 495,63
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2005	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	ponctuelle		EUR	-19 291 685,69	0,0	-19 291 685,69
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2005	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off	5,0	EUR	-1 572 466,41	0,0	-1 572 466,41
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2005	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off	10,0	EUR	-44 313,03	0,0	-44 313,03
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2006	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	ponctuelle		EUR	-16 287 142,74	0,0	-16 287 142,74
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2006	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off	5,0	EUR	-1 195 302,78	0,0	-1 195 302,78
FR	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2006	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off	10,0	EUR	-35 982,74	0,0	-35 982,74
FR	Fruit and vegetables — Producer groups	2005	Certain recognition criteria not fullfilled	one-off	10,0	EUR	-110 942,38	0,0	-110 942,38
FR	Fruit and vegetables — Producer groups	2006	Certain recognition criteria not fullfilled	one-off	10,0	EUR	-78 515,09	0,0	-78 515,09
FR	Fruit and vegetables — withdrawals	2005	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off		EUR	-514 054,0	0,0	-514 054,0
FR	Fruit and vegetables — withdrawals	2006	Ineligible expenditure, non-application of sanction	one-off		EUR	-271 574,01	0,0	-271 574,01
FR	IT Audit — general controls audit	2004	Differences between the number of animals for which aid has been paid and animals for which the aid should have been paid.	one-off		EUR	-10 785,1	0,0	-10 785,1
FR	IT Audit — general controls audit	2005	Differences between the number of animals for which aid has been paid and animals for which the aid should have been paid.	one-off		EUR	-24 879,3	0,0	-24 879,3
FR	IT Audit — general controls audit	2006	Differences between the number of animals for which aid has been paid and animals for which the aid should have been paid.	one-off		EUR	-26 907,72	0,0	-26 907,72
FR	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2003	Weaknesses in the application of sanctions	one-off	2,0	EUR	-6 341 113,15	0,0	-6 341 113,15
FR	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2004	Weaknesses in the application of sanctions	one-off	2,0	EUR	-749 598,96	0,0	-749 598,96
FR	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2005	Weaknesses in the application of sanctions	one-off	2,0	EUR	-3 500 199,46	0,0	-3 500 199,46
FR	Meat premiums — ewes and goats	2006	Weaknesses in the application of sanctions	one-off	2,0	EUR	-3 409 359,12	0,0	-3 409 359,13
TOTAL FR							-36 638 221,26	6 502 717,04	-43 140 938,32
GB	Financial audit — late payments	2007	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-84 719 103,39	-84 719 103,39	0,0
GB	Financial audit — overshooting	2007	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-3 631,78	-3 631,78	0,0
GB	Cross compliance	2006	Deficiencies in applying the sanctions for non-compliances with SMR 2	one-off	0,06	GBP	-258 049,93	0,0	-258 049,93
GB	Cross compliance	2006	Minimum rate of OTSC was not achieved	one-off	0,3	GBP	-4 618 521,99	0,0	-4 618 521,99
GB	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2003	Weaknesses in key controls	one-off	5,0	GBP	-58 457,0	0,0	-58 457,0
GB	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2004	Weaknesses in key controls	one-off	5,0	GBP	-633 224,0	0,0	-633 224,0
GB	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2005	Weaknesses in key controls	one-off	5,0	GBP	-847 207,0	0,0	-847 207,0
GB	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2006	Weaknesses in key controls	one-off	5,0	GBP	-462 110,0	0,0	-462 110,0
GB	Fruit and vegetables — producer groups	2003	Weaknesses in the control system concerning the recognition of recently created producers' organisations	one-off		GBP	-558 146,0	0,0	-558 146,0
GB	Fruit and vegetables — producer groups	2004	Weaknesses in control system concerning producers' organisation created before 2002 (not providing technical means)	one-off		GBP	-6 228 894,0	0,0	-6 228 894,0
GB	Fruit and vegetables — producer groups	2005	Weaknesses in control system concerning producers' organisation created before 2002 (not providing technical means)	one-off		GBP	-8 637 752,0	0,0	-8 637 752,0
GB	Fruit and vegetables — producer groups	2006	Weaknesses in control system concerning producers' organisation created before 2002 (not providing technical means)	one-off		GBP	-4 777 965,0	0,0	-4 777 965,0
GB	Exceptional measure	2003	Payments for ineligible animals made as a result of control weaknesses	one-off	2,0	GBP	-200 749,0	0,0	-200 749,0
GB	Exceptional measure	2004	Payments for ineligible animals made as a result of control weaknesses	one-off	2,0	GBP	-473 831,0	0,0	-473 831,0
GB	Exceptional measure	2005	Payments for ineligible animals made as a result of control weaknesses	one-off	2,0	GBP	-262 024,0	0,0	-262 024,0
TOTAL GB (EUR)							-84 722 735,17	-84 722 735,17	0,0
TOTAL GB (GBP)							-28 016 930,92	0,0	-28 016 930,92
GR	Cotton	2002	Exceeding eligible level of production	one-off	5,0	EUR	-27 731 557,37	0,0	-27 731 557,37
GR	Cotton	2003	Exceeding eligible level of production	one-off		EUR	-4 870 264,97	0,0	-4 870 264,97
GR	Cotton	2003	Insufficient controls of environmental conditions	one-off	5,0	EUR	-32 655 464,17	0,0	-32 655 464,17
GR	Cotton	2004	Exceeding eligible level of production	one-off		EUR	-2 143 945,63	0,0	-2 143 945,63
GR	Financial audit — late payments	2005	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-4 521 536,62	-4 678 975,85	157 439,23
GR	Financial audit — overshooting	2004	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-6 326 450,77	-151 597,3	-6 174 853,47
GR	Financial audit — overshooting	2005	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-233 613,43	-7 621,91	-225 991,52
GR	Fruit and vegetables — citrus processing	2005	Payments by cheque. Weaknesses in administrative and accounting controls.	one-off	10,0	EUR	-2 289 213,0	0,0	-2 289 213,0
GR	Fruit and vegetables — citrus processing	2006	Payments by cheque. Weaknesses in administrative and accounting controls.	one-off	10,0	EUR	-385 748,0	0,0	-385 748,0
GR	Meat premiums — bovines	2003	Weaknesses in the I&R database and the on-the-spot checks	one-off	10,0	EUR	-9 445 037,7	0,0	-9 445 037,71
GR	Meat premiums — bovines	2004	Weaknesses in the I&R database and the on-the-spot checks	one-off	5,0	EUR	-3 639 136,55	0,0	-3 639 136,55
GR	Meat premiums — bovines	2004	Weaknesses in the I&R database and the on-the-spot checks	one-off	10,0	EUR	-1 872 425,62	0,0	-1 872 425,62
GR	Meat premiums — bovines	2005	Weaknesses in the I&R database and the on-the-spot checks	one-off	5,0	EUR	-85 029,84	0,0	-85 029,85
GR	Meat premiums — bovines	2005	Weaknesses in the I&R database and the on-the-spot checks	one-off	10,0	EUR	460 487,38	0,0	460 487,38
GR	Meat premiums — bovines	2006	Weaknesses in the I&R database and the on-the-spot checks	one-off	5,0	EUR	162 160,27	0,0	162 160,27
GR	Meat premiums — bovines	2006	Weaknesses in the I&R database and the on-the-spot checks	one-off	10,0	EUR	77 552,14	0,0	77 552,14
GR	Olive oil — production aid	2003	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	15,0	EUR	-289 062,31	0,0	-289 062,31
GR	Olive oil — production aid	2004	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	15,0	EUR	-81 190 095,29	0,0	-81 190 095,29
GR	Olive oil — production aid	2005	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	10,0	EUR	-235 809,09	0,0	-235 809,09
GR	Olive oil — production aid	2005	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	15,0	EUR	-1 265 993,69	0,0	-1 265 993,69
GR	Olive oil — production aid	2006	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	10,0	EUR	-34 325,0	0,0	-34 325,0
GR	Olive oil — production aid	2006	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	15,0	EUR	-626 085,4	0,0	-626 085,4
TOTAL GR							-179 140 594,66	-4 838 195,06	-174 302 399,62
IE	Financial audit — late payments	2007	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-93 944,01	-93 944,01	0,0
IE	Financial audit — overshooting	2006	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-136 003,53	0,0	-136 003,53
IE	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2004	Ineligible expenditure	one-off		EUR	-1 479 118,94	0,0	-1 479 118,94
IE	Fruit and vegetables — operational funds	2005	Ineligible expenditure	one-off		EUR	-731 899,67	0,0	-731 899,67
TOTAL IE							-2 440 966,15	-93 944,01	-2 347 022,14
IT	Financial audit — late payments	2005	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-12 020 178,75	-12 411 322,67	391 143,82
IT	Financial audit — late payments	2006	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-44 999 501,14	-50 877 193,9	5 877 692,76
IT	Financial audit — overshooting	2006	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	431 931,77	431 931,77	0,0
IT	Olive oil — production aid	2003	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	10,0	EUR	-69 502 963,67	0,0	-69 502 963,67
IT	Olive oil — production aid	2004	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	5,0	EUR	-33 962 143,6	0,0	-33 962 143,6
IT	Olive oil — production aid	2004	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	10,0	EUR	-388 003,29	0,0	-388 003,29
IT	Olive oil — production aid	2005	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	5,0	EUR	-390 610,81	0,0	-390 610,81
IT	Olive oil — production aid	2005	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields, weaknesses of SIG register	one-off	10,0	EUR	-736 915,95	0,0	-736 915,95
IT	Olive oil — production aid	2006	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields	one-off	5,0	EUR	-269 650,53	0,0	-269 650,53
IT	Olive oil — production aid	2006	Recurrent deficiencies in controls of plantations, mills and yields, weaknesses of SIG register	one-off	10,0	EUR	-285 788,56	0,0	-285 788,56
IT	Promotional measures	2004	Late payments and weaknesses in key controls	one-off	10,0	EUR	-267 629,3	0,0	-267 629,3
IT	Promotional measures	2004	Late payments and weaknesses in key controls	one-off		EUR	-438 250,4	0,0	-438 250,4
IT	Promotional measures	2005	Late payments and weaknesses in key controls	one-off	10,0	EUR	-550 739,86	0,0	-550 739,86
IT	Promotional measures	2005	Late payments and weaknesses in key controls	one-off		EUR	-899 332,0	0,0	-899 332,0
IT	Promotional measures	2006	Late payments and weaknesses in key controls	one-off	10,0	EUR	-822 921,46	0,0	-822 921,46
IT	Promotional measures	2006	Late payments and weaknesses in key controls	one-off		EUR	-1 343 791,6	0,0	-1 343 791,6
IT	Promotional measures	2007	Late payments and weaknesses in key controls	one-off	10,0	EUR	-135 044,28	0,0	-135 044,28
IT	Promotional measures	2007	Late payments and weaknesses in key controls	one-off		EUR	-220 520,88	0,0	-220 520,88
IT	RD guarantee acompanying measures (area related)	2004	Weaknesses in control reports	one-off	2,0	EUR	-303 451,0	0,0	-303 451,0
IT	RD guarantee acompanying measures (area related)	2004	Weaknesses in control reports	one-off	2,0	EUR	-188 845,0	0,0	-188 845,0
IT	RD guarantee acompanying measures (area related)	2005	Weaknesses in control reports	one-off	2,0	EUR	-319 213,0	0,0	-319 213,0
IT	RD guarantee acompanying measures (area related)	2005	Weaknesses in control reports	one-off	2,0	EUR	-146 966,0	0,0	-146 966,0
TOTAL IT							-167 760 529,32	-62 856 584,8	-104 903 944,62
LV		2007	Inaccurate calculation of sanctions	ponctuelle		LVL	-7 877,26	0,0	-7 877,26
TOTAL LV							-7 877,26	0,0	-7 877,26
NL	Financial audit — late payments	2006	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-137 870,39	-137 870,39	0,0
NL	Financial audit — late payments	2007	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-74 874,44	-74 874,44	0,0
NL	Financial audit — overshooting	2005	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-183 554,0	0,0	-183 554,0
NL	Financial audit — overshooting	2006	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-4 382 373,6	-4 382 373,6	0,0
NL	Financial audit — overshooting	2007	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-124 315,72	-124 315,72	0,0
TOTAL NL							-4 902 988,15	-4 719 434,15	-183 554,0
PT	Financial audit — late payments	2007	Failure to meet payment deadlines	one-off		EUR	-14 191,28	-14 191,28	0,0
PT	Financial audit — overshooting	2007	Overshooting of financial ceilings	one-off		EUR	-268 925,46	-268 925,46	0,0
PT	Food aid within the Community	2006	Ineligible expenses and errouneus declaration in e-Faudit system	one-off		EUR	-13 741,7	0,0	-13 741,7
PT	Food aid within the Community	2007	Ineligible expenses	one-off		EUR	-2 197,3	0,0	-2 197,3
PT	Fruit and vegetables — bananas	2004	Weaknesses in accountancy and control systems of producers' organisations in Madeira.	one-off	5,0	EUR	-48 193,97	0,0	-48 193,97
PT	Fruit and vegetables — bananas	2005	Weaknesses in accountancy and control systems of producers' organisations in Madeira.	one-off	5,0	EUR	-247 262,07	0,0	-247 262,07
TOTAL PT							-594 511,78	-283 116,74	-311 395,04
SE	Meat premiums — bovines	2003	High level of anomalies, insufficient on-the spot checks, inadequate controls of eligibility of forage area	one-off	2,0	SEK	-22 378 863,88	0,0	-22 378 863,88
SE	Meat premiums — bovines	2003	High level of anomalies, insufficient on-the spot checks, inadequate controls of eligibility of forage area	one-off	5,0	SEK	-20 284 766,35	0,0	-20 284 766,35
SE	Meat premiums — bovines	2004	High level of anomalies, insufficient on-the spot checks, inadequate controls of eligibility of forage area	one-off	2,0	SEK	-21 595 488,8	0,0	-21 595 488,8
SE	Meat premiums — bovines	2004	High level of anomalies, insufficient on-the spot checks, inadequate controls of eligibility of forage area	one-off	5,0	SEK	-19 650 275,7	0,0	-19 650 275,71
SE	Meat premiums — bovines	2005	High level of anomalies, insufficient on-the spot checks, inadequate controls of eligibility of forage area	one-off	2,0	SEK	-23 046 504,52	0,0	-23 046 504,52
SE	Meat premiums — bovines	2005	High level of anomalies, insufficient on-the spot checks, inadequate controls of eligibility of forage area	one-off	5,0	SEK	-19 591 659,24	0,0	-19 591 659,24
SE	Meat premiums — bovines	2006	High level of anomalies, insufficient on-the spot checks, inadequate controls of eligibility of forage area	one-off	2,0	SEK	-43 931,84	0,0	-43 931,84
SE	Meat premiums — bovines	2006	High level of anomalies, insufficient on-the spot checks, inadequate controls of eligibility of forage area	one-off	5,0	SEK	-52 328,54	0,0	-52 328,54
TOTAL SE							-126 643 818,88	0,0	-126 643 818,89
SI	Certification	2005	Most likely error	one-off		EUR	-5 416,1	0,0	-5 416,1
TOTAL SI							-5 416,1	0,0	-5 416,1