# Commission Decision of 10 June 2010 on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC (notified under document C(2010) 3751) (2010/335/EU)

EU Decision 2010/335 · adopted 10 June 2010

Commission Decision of 10 June 2010 on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC (notified under document C(2010) 3751) (2010/335/EU)

## Introductory text

Commission Decision
of 10 June 2010
on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC
(notified under document C(2010) 3751)
(2010/335/EU)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, and in particular Annex V, part C, point 10 thereof,
Whereas:
(1)
Directive 2009/28/EC lays down rules for calculating the greenhouse gas impact of biofuels, bioliquids and their fossil fuel comparators, which take into account emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change. Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC includes corresponding rules as far as biofuels are concerned.
(2)
The Commission should draw its guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks on the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Those Guidelines were intended for national greenhouse gas inventories and are not expressed in a form that is readily applicable by economic operators. It is therefore appropriate, where IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories lack the necessary information for purposes of biofuel and bioliquid production or where such information is not accessible, to draw on other scientific sources of data.
(3)
For the calculation of the carbon stocks in soil organic matter it is appropriate to take into account climate, soil type, land cover, land management and input. For mineral soils, the IPCC Tier 1 methodology for soil organic carbon is an appropriate method to use for this purpose as it covers the global level. For organic soils, the IPCC methodology addresses in particular carbon loss following soil drainage and does this only through annual losses. As soil drainage normally results in high carbon stock loss that cannot be compensated by the greenhouse gas saving of biofuels or bioliquids and as drainage of peatland soil is prohibited by the sustainability criteria laid down by Directive 2009/28/EC, it suffices to lay down general rules for determining soil organic carbon or carbon losses in organic soils.
(4)
For the calculation of carbon stock in living biomass and dead organic matter a low complexity approach corresponding to IPCC Tier 1 methodology for vegetation should be an appropriate method. In accordance with that methodology it is reasonable to assume that all carbon stock in living biomass and dead organic matter is lost from the land upon conversion. Dead organic matter is usually of low significance in land conversion for the establishment of crops for the production of biofuels and bioliquids, but should be taken into account at least for closed forests.
(5)
In calculating the greenhouse gas impact of land conversion, economic operators should be able to use actual values for the carbon stocks associated with the reference land use and the land use after conversion. They should also be able to use standard values and it is appropriate for these guidelines to provide them. It is not necessary, however, to provide standard values for improbable combinations of climate and soil type.
(6)
Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC sets out the method for calculating greenhouse gas impacts and contains rules for the calculation of annualised emissions of carbon stock changes from land use changes. The guidelines annexed to this Decision establish rules for the calculation of land carbon stocks, completing the rules laid down in the Annex V,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

## 1 

The guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC are set out in the Annex to this Decision.

## 2 

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

## Signature

Done at Brussels, 10 June 2010.
For the Commission
Günther Oettinger
Member of the Commission

## Annex: Guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC

## 1 INTRODUCTION

These guidelines establish the rules for the calculation of land carbon stocks, both for the reference land use (CSR , as defined in point 7 of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC) and the actual land use (CSA , as defined in point 7 of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC).
In point 2 rules are provided in order that land carbon stocks are consistently determined. Point 3 provides the general rule for the calculation of carbon stocks, which consist of two components: soil organic carbon and carbon stock in the above and below ground vegetation.
Point 4 provides detailed rules for determining the soil organic carbon stock. For mineral soils it provides the option of following a method that allows the use of values provided for in the guidelines, while the option of using alternative methods is also provided for. For organic soils methods are described, but the guidelines do not contain values for determining soil organic carbon stock in organic soils.
Point 5 provides detailed rules for carbon stock in vegetation, but is only relevant in the case the choice is made not to use values for above and below ground vegetation carbon stock provided in point 8 of the guidelines (the use of the values provided in point 8 is not obligatory and for certain cases it may not contain the appropriate values).
Point 6 provides the rules to select the appropriate values in case the choice is made to use the guidelines’ values related to soil organic carbon in mineral soils (these values are provided in points 6 and 7). In these rules reference is made to data layers on climate regions and soil type available through the online Transparency platform established by Directive 2009/28/EC. Those data layers are detailed layers underlying figures 1 and 2 below.
Point 8 provides values for carbon stock in the above and below ground vegetation and related parameters. Points 7 and 8 provide values for four different land use categories: cropland, perennial crops, grassland and forest land.
Figure 1
Climate regions
Figure 2
Geographic distribution of soil types

## 2 CONSISTENT REPRESENTATION OF LAND CARBON STOCKS

For determining the carbon stock per unit area associated with CSR and CSA the following rules shall apply:
(1) the area for which the land carbon stocks are calculated shall for the entire area have similar:
(a) biophysical conditions in terms of climate and soil type;
(b) management history in terms of tillage;
(c) input history in terms of carbon input to soil.
(2) the carbon stock of the actual land use, CSA , shall be taken as:
in the case of loss of carbon stock: the estimated equilibrium carbon stock that the land will reach in its new use,
in the case of carbon stock accumulation: the estimated carbon stock after 20 years or when the crop reaches maturity, whichever the earlier.

## 3 CALCULATION OF CARBON STOCKS

For the calculation of CSR and CSA the following rule shall apply:
CSi = (SOC + CVEG ) × A
where:
CSI the carbon stock per unit area associated with the land use i (measured as mass of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation);
SOC soil organic carbon (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 4;
CVEG above and below ground vegetation carbon stock (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5 or selected from the appropriate values in point 8;
A factor scaling to the area concerned (measured as hectares per unit area).

### Division 4: SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCK

## 4.1 Mineral soils

For the calculation of SOC the following rule may be used:
SOC = SOCST × FLU × FMG × FI
where:
SOC soil organic carbon (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
SOCST standard soil organic carbon in the 0-30 centimetre topsoil layer (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
FLU land use factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with the type of land use compared to the standard soil organic carbon;
FMG management factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with the principle management practice compared to the standard soil organic carbon;
FI input factor reflecting the difference in soil organic carbon associated with different levels of carbon input to soil compared to the standard soil organic carbon.
For SOCST the appropriate values presented in point 6 shall apply.
For FLU , FMG and FI the appropriate values presented in point 7 shall apply.
As an alternative to using the above rule, other appropriate methods, including measurements, may be used to determine SOC. As far as such methods are not based on measurements, they shall take into account climate, soil type, land cover, land management and inputs.

## 4.2 Organic soils (histosols)

For determining SOC, appropriate methods shall be used. Such methods shall take into account the entire depth of the organic soil layer as well as climate, land cover and land management and input. Such methods may include measurements.
Where carbon stock affected by soil drainage is concerned, losses of carbon following drainage shall be taken into account by appropriate methods. Such methods may be based on annual losses of carbon following drainage.

## 5 ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND VEGETATION CARBON STOCK

Except where a value for CVEG set out in point 8 is used, for the calculation of CVEG the following rule shall apply:
CVEG = CBM + CDOM
where:
CVEG above and below ground vegetation carbon stock (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
CBM above and below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1;
CDOM above and below ground carbon stock in dead organic matter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.
For CDOM the value of 0 may be used, except in the case of forest land — excluding forest plantations — having more than 30 % canopy cover.

## 5.1 Living biomass

For the calculation of CBM the following rule shall apply:
CBM = CAGB + CBGB
where:
CBM above and below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
CAGB above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1.1;
CBGB below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.1.2.

## 5.1.1 Above ground living biomass

For the calculation of CAGB the following rule shall apply:
CAGB = BAGB × CFB
where:
CAGB above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
BAGB weight of above ground living biomass (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);
CFB carbon fraction of dry matter in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).
For cropland, perennial crops and forest plantations the value for BAGB shall be the average weight of the above ground living biomass during the production cycle.
For CFB the value of 0,47 may be used.

## 5.1.2 Below ground living biomass

For the calculation of CBGB one of the following two rules shall be used:
(1) CBGB = BBGB × CFB
where:
CBGB below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
BBGB weight of below ground living biomass (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);
CFB carbon fraction of dry matter in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).
For cropland, perennial crops and forest plantations the value for BBGB shall be the average weight of the below ground living biomass during the production cycle.
For CFB the value of 0,47 may be used.
(2) CBGB = CAGB × R
where:
CBGB below ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
CAGB above ground carbon stock in living biomass (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
R ratio of below ground carbon stock in living biomass to above ground carbon stock in living biomass.
Appropriate values for R set out in point 8 may be used.

## 5.2 Dead organic matter

For the calculation of CDOM the following rule shall apply:
CDOM = CDW + CLI
where:
CDOM above and below ground carbon stock in dead organic matter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
CDW carbon stock in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.1;
CLI carbon stock in litter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare), calculated in accordance with point 5.2.2.

## 5.2.1 Carbon stock in dead wood pool

For the calculation of CDW the following rule shall apply:
CDW = DOMDW × CFDW
where:
CDW carbon stock in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
DOMDW weight of dead wood pool (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);
CFDW carbon fraction of dry matter in dead wood pool (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).
For CFDW the value of 0,5 may be used.

## 5.2.2 Carbon stock in litter

For the calculation of CLI the following rule shall apply:
CLI = DOMLI × CFLI
where:
CLI carbon stock in litter (measured as mass of carbon per hectare);
DOMLI weight of litter (measured as mass of dry matter per hectare);
CFLI carbon fraction of dry matter in litter (measured as mass of carbon per mass of dry matter).
For CFLI the value of 0,4 may be used.

## 6 STANDARD SOIL CARBON STOCK IN MINERAL SOILS

A value for SOCST shall be selected from table 1, based on the appropriate climate region and soil type of the area concerned as set out in points 6.1 and 6.2.
Table 1
SOCST, standard soil organic carbon in the 0-30 centimetre topsoil layer
(tonnes of carbon per hectare)
Climate Region
Soil type
High activity clay soils
Low activity clay soils
Sandy soils
Spodic soils
Volcanic soils
Wetland soils
Boreal
68
—
10
117
20
146
Cold temperate, dry
50
33
34
—
20
87
Cold temperate, moist
95
85
71
115
130
87
Warm temperate, dry
38
24
19
—
70
88
Warm temperate, moist
88
63
34
—
80
88
Tropical, dry
38
35
31
—
50
86
Tropical, moist
65
47
39
—
70
86
Tropical, wet
44
60
66
—
130
86
Tropical, montane
88
63
34
—
80
86

## 6.1 Climate region

The appropriate climate region for the selection of the appropriate value for SOCST shall be determined from the climate region data layers available through the Transparency platform established by Article 24 of Directive 2009/28/EC.

## 6.2 Soil type

The appropriate soil type shall be determined according to figure 3. The soil type data layers available through the Transparency platform established by Article 24 of Directive 2009/28/EC may be used as guidance to determine the appropriate soil type.
Figure 3
Classification of soil types

## 7 FACTORS REFLECTING THE DIFFERENCE IN SOIL ORGANIC CARBON COMPARED TO THE STANDARD SOIL ORGANIC CARBON

Appropriate values for FLU , FMG and FI shall be selected from tables in this point. For the calculation of CSR the appropriate management and input factors are those that were applied in January 2008. For the calculation of CSA the appropriate management and input factors are those that are being applied and will lead to the equilibrium carbon stock concerned.

## 7.1 Cropland

Table 2
Factors for cropland
Climate region
Land use(FLU )
Management(FMG )
Input(FI )
FLU
FMG
FI
Temperate/Boreal, dry
Cultivated
Full-tillage
Low
0,8
1
0,95
Medium
0,8
1
1
High with manure
0,8
1
1,37
High without manure
0,8
1
1,04
Reduced tillage
Low
0,8
1,02
0,95
Medium
0,8
1,02
1
High with manure
0,8
1,02
1,37
High without manure
0,8
1,02
1,04
No till
Low
0,8
1,1
0,95
Medium
0,8
1,1
1
High with manure
0,8
1,1
1,37
High without manure
0,8
1,1
1,04
Temperate/Boreal, moist/wet
Cultivated
Full-tillage
Low
0,69
1
0,92
Medium
0,69
1
1
High with manure
0,69
1
1,44
High without manure
0,69
1
1,11
Reduced tillage
Low
0,69
1,08
0,92
Medium
0,69
1,08
1
High with manure
0,69
1,08
1,44
High without manure
0,69
1,08
1,11
No till
Low
0,69
1,15
0,92
Medium
0,69
1,15
1
High with manure
0,69
1,15
1,44
High without manure
0,69
1,15
1,11
Tropical, dry
Cultivated
Full-tillage
Low
0,58
1
0,95
Medium
0,58
1
1
High with manure
0,58
1
1,37
High without manure
0,58
1
1,04
Reduced tillage
Low
0,58
1,09
0,95
Medium
0,58
1,09
1
High with manure
0,58
1,09
1,37
High without manure
0,58
1,09
1,04
No till
Low
0,58
1,17
0,95
Medium
0,58
1,17
1
High with manure
0,58
1,17
1,37
High without manure
0,58
1,17
1,04
Tropical, moist/wet
Cultivated
Full-tillage
Low
0,48
1
0,92
Medium
0,48
1
1
High with manure
0,48
1
1,44
High without manure
0,48
1
1,11
Reduced tillage
Low
0,48
1,15
0,92
Medium
0,48
1,15
1
High with manure
0,48
1,15
1,44
High without manure
0,48
1,15
1,11
No till
Low
0,48
1,22
0,92
Medium
0,48
1,22
1
High with manure
0,48
1,22
1,44
High without manure
0,48
1,22
1,11
Tropical Montane
Cultivated
Full-tillage
Low
0,64
1
0,94
Medium
0,64
1
1
High with manure
0,64
1
1,41
High without manure
0,64
1
1,08
Reduced tillage
Low
0,64
1,09
0,94
Medium
0,64
1,09
1
High with manure
0,64
1,09
1,41
High without manure
0,64
1,09
1,08
No till
Low
0,64
1,16
0,94
Medium
0,64
1,16
1
High with manure
0,64
1,16
1,41
High without manure
0,64
1,16
1,08
Table 3 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Tables 2 and 4.
Table 3
Guidance on management and input for cropland and perennial crops
Management/Input
Guidance
Full-tillage
Substantial soil disturbance with full inversion and/or frequent (within year) tillage operations. At planting time, little (e.g. < 30 %) of the surface is covered by residues.
Reduced tillage
Primary and/or secondary tillage but with reduced soil disturbance (usually shallow and without full soil inversion) and normally leaves surface with > 30 % coverage by residues at planting.
No till
Direct seeding without primary tillage, with only minimal soil disturbance in the seeding zone. Herbicides are typically used for weed control.
Low
Low residue return occurs when there is due to removal of residues (via collection or burning), frequent bare-fallowing, production of crops yielding low residues (e.g. vegetables, tobacco, cotton), no mineral fertilisation or nitrogen-fixing crops.
Medium
Representative for annual cropping with cereals where all crop residues are returned to the field. If residues are removed then supplemental organic matter (e.g. manure) is added. Also requires mineral fertilisation or nitrogen-fixing crop in rotation.
High with manure
Represents significantly higher carbon input over medium carbon input cropping systems due to an additional practice of regular addition of animal manure.
High without manure
Represents significantly greater crop residue inputs over medium carbon input cropping systems due to additional practices, such as production of high residue yielding crops, use of green manures, cover crops, improved vegetated fallows, irrigation, frequent use of perennial grasses in annual crop rotations, but without manure applied (see row above).

## 7.2 Perennial crops

Table 4
Factors for perennial crops, namely multi-annual crops whose stem is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm
Climate region
Land use(FLU )
Management(FMG )
Input(FI )
FLU
FMG
FI
Temperate/Boreal, dry
Perennial crop
Full-tillage
Low
1
1
0,95
Medium
1
1
1
High with manure
1
1
1,37
High without manure
1
1
1,04
Reduced tillage
Low
1
1,02
0,95
Medium
1
1,02
1
High with manure
1
1,02
1,37
High without manure
1
1,02
1,04
No till
Low
1
1,1
0,95
Medium
1
1,1
1
High with manure
1
1,1
1,37
High without manure
1
1,1
1,04
Temperate/Boreal, moist/wet
Perennial crop
Full-tillage
Low
1
1
0,92
Medium
1
1
1
High with manure
1
1
1,44
High without manure
1
1
1,11
Reduced tillage
Low
1
1,08
0,92
Medium
1
1,08
1
High with manure
1
1,08
1,44
High without manure
1
1,08
1,11
No till
Low
1
1,15
0,92
Medium
1
1,15
1
High with manure
1
1,15
1,44
High without manure
1
1,15
1,11
Tropical, dry
Perennial crop
Full-tillage
Low
1
1
0,95
Medium
1
1
1
High with manure
1
1
1,37
High without manure
1
1
1,04
Reduced tillage
Low
1
1,09
0,95
Medium
1
1,09
1
High with manure
1
1,09
1,37
High without manure
1
1,09
1,04
No till
Low
1
1,17
0,95
Medium
1
1,17
1
High with manure
1
1,17
1,37
High without manure
1
1,17
1,04
Tropical, moist/wet
Perennial crop
Full-tillage
Low
1
1
0,92
Medium
1
1
1
High with manure
1
1
1,44
High without manure
1
1
1,11
Reduced tillage
Low
1
1,15
0,92
Medium
1
1,15
1
High with manure
1
1,15
1,44
High without manure
1
1,15
1,11
No till
Low
1
1,22
0,92
Medium
1
1,22
1
High with manure
1
1,22
1,44
High without manure
1
1,22
1,11
Tropical Montane
Perennial crop
Full-tillage
Low
1
1
0,94
Medium
1
1
1
High with manure
1
1
1,41
High without manure
1
1
1,08
Reduced tillage
Low
1
1,09
0,94
Medium
1
1,09
1
High with manure
1
1,09
1,41
High without manure
1
1,09
1,08
No till
Low
1
1,16
0,94
Medium
1
1,16
1
High with manure
1
1,16
1,41
High without manure
1
1,16
1,08
Table 3 in point 7.1 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 4.

## 7.3 Grassland

Table 5
Factors for grassland, including savannahs
Climate region
Land Use(FLU )
Management(FMG )
Input(FI )
FLU
FMG
FI
Temperate/Boreal, dry
Grassland
Improved
Medium
1
1,14
1
High
1
1,14
1,11
Nominally managed
Medium
1
1
1
Moderately degraded
Medium
1
0,95
1
Severely degraded
Medium
1
0,7
1
Temperate/Boreal, moist/wet
Grassland
Improved
Medium
1
1,14
1
High
1
1,14
1,11
Nominally managed
Medium
1
1
1
Moderately degraded
Medium
1
0,95
1
Severely degraded
Medium
1
0,7
1
Tropical, dry
Grassland
Improved
Medium
1
1,17
1
High
1
1,17
1,11
Nominally managed
Medium
1
1
1
Moderately degraded
Medium
1
0,97
1
Severely degraded
Medium
1
0,7
1
Tropical, moist/wet
Savannah
Improved
Medium
1
1,17
1
High
1
1,17
1,11
Nominally managed
Medium
1
1
1
Moderately degraded
Medium
1
0,97
1
Severely degraded
Medium
1
0,7
1
Tropical Montane, dry
Grassland
Improved
Medium
1
1,16
1
High
1
1,16
1,11
Nominally managed
Medium
1
1
1
Moderately degraded
Medium
1
0,96
1
Severely degraded
Medium
1
0,7
1
Table 6 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 5.
Table 6
Guidance on management and input for grassland
Management/Input
Guidance
Improved
Represents grassland which is sustainably managed with moderate grazing pressure and that receive at least one improvement (e.g. fertilisation, species improvement, irrigation).
Nominally managed
Represents non-degraded and sustainably managed grassland, but without significant management improvements.
Moderately degraded
Represents overgrazed or moderately degraded grassland, with somewhat reduced productivity (relative to the native or nominally managed grassland) and receiving no management inputs.
Severely degraded
Implies major long-term loss of productivity and vegetation cover, due to severe mechanical damage to the vegetation and/or severe soil erosion.
Medium
Applies where no additional management inputs have been used.
High
Applies to improved grassland where one or more additional management inputs/improvements have been used (beyond that is required to be classified as improved grassland).

## 7.4 Forest land

Table 7
Factors for forest land having at least 10 % canopy cover
n/a = not applicable; in these cases FMG and FI shall not apply and for the calculation of SOC the following rule may be used: SOC = SOCST × FLU .
Climate region
Land use(FLU )
Management(FMG )
Input(FI )
FLU
FMG
FI
All
Native forest (non-degraded)
n/a
n/a
1
All
Managed forest
All
All
1
1
1
Tropical, moist/dry
Shifting cultivation-shortened fallow
n/a
n/a
0,64
Shifting cultivation-mature fallow
n/a
n/a
0,8
Temperate/Boreal, moist/dry
Shifting cultivation-shortened fallow
n/a
n/a
1
Shifting cultivation-mature fallow
n/a
n/a
1
Table 8 provides guidance for selecting appropriate values from Table 7.
Table 8
Guidance on land use for forest land
Land use
Guidance
Native forest
(non-degraded)
Represents native or long-term, non-degraded and sustainably managed forest.
Shifting cultivation
Permanent shifting cultivation, where tropical forest or woodland is cleared for planting of annual crops for a short time (e.g. 3-5 years) period and then abandoned to regrowth.
Mature fallow
Represents situations where the forest vegetation recovers to a mature or near mature state prior to being cleared again for cropland use.
Shortened fallow
Represents situations where the forest vegetation recovery is not attained prior to reclearing.

## 8 CARBON STOCK VALUES FOR ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND VEGETATION CARBON STOCK

For CVEG or R the appropriate values laid down in this point may be used.

## 8.1 Cropland

Table 9
Vegetation values for cropland (general)
Climate region
CVEG (tonnes carbon/hectare)
All
0
Table 10
Vegetation values for sugar cane (specific)
Domain
Climate region
Ecological zone
Continent
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
Tropical
Tropical dry
Tropical dry forest
Africa
4,2
Asia (continental, insular)
4
Tropical scrubland
Asia (continental, insular)
4
Tropical moist
Tropical moist deciduous forest
Africa
4,2
Central and South America
5
Tropical wet
Tropical rain forest
Asia (continental, insular)
4
Central and South America
5
Subtropical
Warm temperate dry
Subtropical steppe
North America
4,8
Warm temperate moist
Subtropical humid forest
Central and South America
5
North America
4,8

## 8.2 Perennial crops, namely multi-annual crops whose stem is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm

Table 11
Vegetation values for perennial crops (general)
Climate region
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
Temperate (all moisture regimes)
43,2
Tropical, dry
6,2
Tropical, moist
14,4
Tropical, wet
34,3
Table 12
Vegetation values for specific perennial crops
Climate region
Crop type
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
All
Coconuts
75
Jatropha
17,5
Jojoba
2,4
Oil palm
60

## 8.3 Grassland

Table 13
Vegetation values for grassland — excluding scrubland (general)
Climate region
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
Boreal — Dry & Wet
4,3
Cool Temperate — Dry
3,3
Cool Temperate — Wet
6,8
Warm Temperate — Dry
3,1
Warm Temperate — Wet
6,8
Tropical — Dry
4,4
Tropical — Moist & Wet
8,1
Table 14
Vegetation values for Miscanthus (specific)
Domain
Climate region
Ecological zone
Continent
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
Subtropical
Warm temperate dry
Subtropical dry forest
Europe
10
North America
14,9
Subtropical steppe
North America
14,9
Table 15
Vegetation values for scrubland, namely land with vegetation composed largely of woody plants lower than 5 meter not having clear physiognomic aspects of trees
Domain
Continent
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
Tropical
Africa
46
North and South America
53
Asia (continental)
39
Asia (insular)
46
Australia
46
Subtropical
Africa
43
North and South America
50
Asia (continental)
37
Europe
37
Asia (insular)
43
Temperate
Global
7,4

## 8.4 Forest land

Table 16
Vegetation values for forest land — excluding forest plantations — having between 10 % and 30 % canopy cover
Domain
Ecological zone
Continent
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
R
Tropical
Tropical rain forest
Africa
40
0,37
North and South America
39
0,37
Asia (continental)
36
0,37
Asia (insular)
45
0,37
Tropical moist forest
Africa
30
0,24
North and South America
26
0,24
Asia (continental)
21
0,24
Asia (insular)
34
0,24
Tropical dry forest
Africa
14
0,28
North and South America
25
0,28
Asia (continental)
16
0,28
Asia (insular)
19
0,28
Tropical mountain systems
Africa
13
0,24
North and South America
17
0,24
Asia (continental)
16
0,24
Asia (insular)
26
0,28
Subtropical
Subtropical humid forest
North and South America
26
0,28
Asia (continental)
22
0,28
Asia (insular)
35
0,28
Subtropical dry forest
Africa
17
0,28
North and South America
26
0,32
Asia (continental)
16
0,32
Asia (insular)
20
0,32
Subtropical steppe
Africa
9
0,32
North and South America
10
0,32
Asia (continental)
7
0,32
Asia (insular)
9
0,32
Temperate
Temperate oceanic forest
Europe
14
0,27
North America
79
0,27
New Zealand
43
0,27
South America
21
0,27
Temperate continental forest
Asia, Europe (≤ 20 y)
2
0,27
Asia, Europe (> 20 y)
14
0,27
North and South America (≤ 20 y)
7
0,27
North and South America (> 20 y)
16
0,27
Temperate mountain systems
Asia, Europe (≤ 20 y)
12
0,27
Asia, Europe (> 20 y)
16
0,27
North and South America (≤ 20 y)
6
0,27
North and South America (> 20 y)
6
0,27
Boreal
Boreal coniferous forest
Asia, Europe, North America
12
0,24
Boreal tundra woodland
Asia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)
0
0,24
Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)
2
0,24
Boreal mountain systems
Asia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)
2
0,24
Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)
6
0,24
Table 17
Vegetation values for forest land — excluding forest plantations — having more than 30 % canopy cover
Domain
Ecological zone
Continent
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
Tropical
Tropical rain forest
Africa
204
North and South America
198
Asia (continental)
185
Asia (insular)
230
Tropical moist deciduous forest
Africa
156
North and South America
133
Asia (continental)
110
Asia (insular)
174
Tropical dry forest
Africa
77
North and South America
131
Asia (continental)
83
Asia (insular)
101
Tropical mountain systems
Africa
77
North and South America
94
Asia (continental)
88
Asia (insular)
130
Subtropical
Subtropical humid forest
North and South America
132
Asia (continental)
109
Asia (insular)
173
Subtropical dry forest
Africa
88
North and South America
130
Asia (continental)
82
Asia (insular)
100
Subtropical steppe
Africa
46
North and South America
53
Asia (continental)
41
Asia (insular)
47
Temperate
Temperate oceanic forest
Europe
84
North America
406
New Zealand
227
South America
120
Temperate continental forest
Asia, Europe (≤ 20 y)
27
Asia, Europe (> 20 y)
87
North and South America (≤ 20 y)
51
North and South America (> 20 y)
93
Temperate mountain systems
Asia, Europe (≤ 20 y)
75
Asia, Europe (> 20 y)
93
North and South America (≤ 20 y)
45
North and South America (> 20 y)
93
Boreal
Boreal coniferous forest
Asia, Europe, North America
53
Boreal tundra woodland
Asia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)
26
Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)
35
Boreal mountain systems
Asia, Europe, North America (≤ 20 y)
32
Asia, Europe, North America (> 20 y)
53
Table 18
Vegetation values for forest plantations
Domain
Ecological zone
Continent
CVEG (tonnes carbon per hectare)
R
Tropical
Tropical rain forest
Africa broadleaf > 20 y
87
0,24
Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y
29
0,24
Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y
58
0,24
Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y
17
0,24
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
58
0,24
Americas Pinus sp.
87
0,24
Americas Tectona grandis
70
0,24
Americas other broadleaf
44
0,24
Asia broadleaf
64
0,24
Asia other
38
0,24
Tropical moist deciduous forest
Africa broadleaf > 20 y
44
0,24
Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y
23
0,24
Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y
35
0,24
Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y
12
0,24
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
26
0,24
Americas Pinus sp.
79
0,24
Americas Tectona grandis
35
0,24
Americas other broadleaf
29
0,24
Asia broadleaf
52
0,24
Asia other
29
0,24
Tropical dry forest
Africa broadleaf > 20 y
21
0,28
Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y
9
0,28
Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y
18
0,28
Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y
6
0,28
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
27
0,28
Americas Pinus sp.
33
0,28
Americas Tectona grandis
27
0,28
Americas other broadleaf
18
0,28
Asia broadleaf
27
0,28
Asia other
18
0,28
Tropical shrubland
Africa broadleaf
6
0,27
Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y
6
0,27
Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y
4
0,27
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
18
0,27
Americas Pinus sp.
18
0,27
Americas Tectona grandis
15
0,27
Americas other broadleaf
9
0,27
Asia broadleaf
12
0,27
Asia other
9
0,27
Tropical mountain systems
Africa broadleaf > 20 y
31
0,24
Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y
20
0,24
Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y
19
0,24
Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y
7
0,24
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
22
0,24
Americas Pinus sp.
29
0,24
Americas Tectona grandis
23
0,24
Americas other broadleaf
16
0,24
Asia broadleaf
28
0,24
Asia other
15
0,24
Subtropical
Subtropical humid forest
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
42
0,28
Americas Pinus sp.
81
0,28
Americas Tectona grandis
36
0,28
Americas other broadleaf
30
0,28
Asia broadleaf
54
0,28
Asia other
30
0,28
Subtropical dry forest
Africa broadleaf > 20 y
21
0,28
Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y
9
0,32
Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y
19
0,32
Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y
6
0,32
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
34
0,32
Americas Pinus sp.
34
0,32
Americas Tectona grandis
28
0,32
Americas other broadleaf
19
0,32
Asia broadleaf
28
0,32
Asia other
19
0,32
Subtropical steppe
Africa broadleaf
6
0,32
Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y
6
0,32
Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y
5
0,32
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
19
0,32
Americas Pinus sp.
19
0,32
Americas Tectona grandis
16
0,32
Americas other broadleaf
9
0,32
Asia broadleaf > 20 y
25
0,32
Asia broadleaf ≤ 20 y
3
0,32
Asia coniferous > 20 y
6
0,32
Asia coniferous ≤ 20 y
34
0,32
Subtropical mountain systems
Africa broadleaf > 20 y
31
0,24
Africa broadleaf ≤ 20 y
20
0,24
Africa Pinus sp. > 20 y
19
0,24
Africa Pinus sp. ≤ 20 y
7
0,24
Americas Eucalyptus sp.
22
0,24
Americas Pinus sp.
34
0,24
Americas Tectona grandis
23
0,24
Americas other broadleaf
16
0,24
Asia broadleaf
28
0,24
Asia other
15
0,24
Temperate
Temperate oceanic forest
Asia, Europe, broadleaf > 20 y
60
0,27
Asia, Europe, broadleaf ≤ 20 y
9
0,27
Asia, Europe, coniferous > 20 y
60
0,27
Asia, Europe, coniferous ≤ 20 y
12
0,27
North America
52
0,27
New Zealand
75
0,27
South America
31
0,27
Temperate continental forest and mountain systems
Asia, Europe, broadleaf > 20 y
60
0,27
Asia, Europe, broadleaf ≤ 20 y
4
0,27
Asia, Europe, coniferous > 20 y
52
0,27
Asia, Europe, coniferous ≤ 20 y
7
0,27
North America
52
0,27
South America
31
0,27
Boreal
Boreal coniferous forest and mountain systems
Asia, Europe > 20 y
12
0,24
Asia, Europe ≤ 20 y
1
0,24
North America
13
0,24
Boreal tundra woodland
Asia, Europe > 20 y
7
0,24
Asia, Europe ≤ 20 y
1
0,24
North America
7
0,24

---
Source: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2010/335 (the official version)
Page: https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2010-335
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.