Division E The following Annex XVIII is added:

ANNEX XVIII

Activity-specific guidelines for the geological storage of CO₂ in a storage site permitted under Directive 2009/31/EC

1.

BOUNDARIES

Boundaries for monitoring and reporting of emissions from geological storage of CO₂ shall be site-specific and shall be based on the delimitation of the storage site and storage complex as specified in the permit pursuant Directive 2009/31/EC. All emission sources from the CO₂ injection facility shall be included in the greenhouse gas emissions permit. Where leakages from the storage complex are identified and lead to emissions or release of CO₂ to the water column, they shall be included as emission sources for the respective installation until corrective measures pursuant to Article 16 of Directive 2009/31/EC have been taken and emissions or release into the water column from that leakage can no longer be detected.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

Potential emissions sources for CO₂ emissions from the geological storage of CO₂ include:

• fuel use at booster stations and other combustion activities such as on-site power plants,

• venting at injection or at enhanced hydrocarbon recovery operations,

• fugitive emissions at injection,

• breakthrough CO₂ from enhanced hydrocarbon recovery operations,

• leakage.

A storage site shall not add to its calculated level of emissions CO₂ received from another installation, and shall not subtract from its calculated level of emissions any CO₂ which is transferred to another installation or geologically stored in the storage site.

2.1.

EMISSIONS FROM FUEL USE

Combustion emissions from above ground activities shall be determined in accordance with Annex II.

2.2.

VENTED AND FUGITIVE EMISSIONS FROM INJECTION

Emissions from venting and fugitive emissions shall be determined as follows:

CO₂ emitted [tCO₂] = V CO₂ [tCO₂] + F CO₂ [tCO₂]

With

V CO₂

amount of CO₂ vented

F CO₂

amount of CO₂ from fugitive emissions

V CO₂ shall be determined by using CEMS according to Annex XII of these Guidelines. If the application of CEMS would lead to unreasonable costs, the operator may include in the monitoring plan an appropriate methodology based on industry best practice, subject to approval by the competent authority.

F CO₂ shall be considered as one source, meaning that the uncertainty requirements of Annex XII and Section 6.2 of Annex I apply to the total value and not to the individual emission points. The operator shall provide in the monitoring plan an analysis regarding potential sources of fugitive emissions, and provide a suitable documented methodology to calculate or measure the amount of F CO₂, based on industry best practice guidelines. For the determination of F CO₂ data collected pursuant to Article 13 and Annex II 1.1 (e) – (h) of Directive 2009/31/EC for the injection facility can be used, where they comply with the requirements of these Guidelines.

2.3.

VENTED AND FUGITIVE EMISSIONS FROM ENHANCED HYDROCARBON RECOVERY OPERATIONS

The combination of enhanced hydrocarbon recovery (EHR) with geological storage of CO₂ is likely to provide an additional source stream of emissions, namely the breakthrough of CO₂ with the produced hydrocarbons. Additional emission sources from EHR operations include:

• the oil-gas separation units and gas recycling plant, where fugitive emissions of CO₂ could occur,

• the flare stack, where emissions might occur due to the application of continuous positive purge systems and during depressurisation of the hydrocarbon production installation,

• the CO₂ purge system, to avoid that high concentrations of CO₂ extinguish the flare.

Any fugitive emissions occurring will usually be rerouted in a gas containment system, to the flare or CO₂ purge system. Any such fugitive emissions or CO₂ vented e.g. from the CO₂ purge system shall be determined in accordance to Section 2.2 of this Annex.

Emissions from the flare stack shall be determined in accordance with Annex II, taking into account potential inherent CO₂ in the flare gas.

3.

LEAKAGE FROM THE STORAGE COMPLEX

Monitoring shall start in the case that any leakage results in emissions or release to the water column. Emissions resulting from a release of CO₂ into the water column shall be deemed to be equal to the amount released to the water column.

Monitoring of emissions or of release into the water column from a leakage shall continue until corrective measures pursuant to Article 16 of Directive 2009/31/EC have been taken and emissions or release into the water column can no longer be detected.

Emissions and release to the water column shall be quantified as follows:

$${\mathrm{CO}}_2\mathrm{emitted}[{\mathrm{tCO}}_2\underset{T_{\mathrm{Start}}}{\overset{T_{\mathrm{End}}}{\mathrm{]=\; \Sigma }}}{\mathrm{L\; CO}}_2[{\mathrm{tCO}}_2/d]$$

With

L CO₂

mass of CO₂ emitted or released per calendar day due to the leakage. For each calendar day for which leakage is monitored it shall be calculated as the average of the mass leaked per hour [tCO2/h] multiplied by 24. The mass leaked per hour shall be determined according to the provisions in the approved monitoring plan for the storage site and the leakage. For each calendar day prior to commencement of monitoring, the mass leaked per day shall be taken to equal the mass leaked per day for the first day of monitoring.

T_start

the latest of:

1. (a)

   the last date when no emissions or release to the water column from the source under consideration were reported;

2. (b)

   the date the CO₂ injection started;

3. (c)

   another date such that there is evidence demonstrating to the satisfaction of the competent authority that the emission or release to the water column cannot have started before that date.

T_end

the date by which corrective measures pursuant to Article 16 of Directive 2009/31/EC have been taken and emissions or release to the water column can no longer be detected.

Other methods for quantification of emissions or release into the water column from leakages can be applied if approved by the competent authority on the basis of providing a higher accuracy than the above approach.

The amount of emissions leaked from the storage complex shall be quantified for each of the leakage events with a maximum overall uncertainty over the reporting period of ± 7,5 %. In case the overall uncertainty of the applied quantification approach exceeds ± 7,5 %, an adjustment shall be applied, as follows:

CO_{2, Reported} [tCO₂] = CO_{2, Quantified} [tCO₂] × (1 + (Uncertainty_System [%]/100) – 0,075)

With

CO_{2, Reported}

Amount of CO₂ to be included into the annual emission report with regards to the leakage event in question;

CO_{2, Quantified}

Amount of CO₂ determined through the used quantification approach for the leakage event in question;

Uncertainty_System

The level of uncertainty which is associated to the quantification approach used for the leakage event in question, determined according to section 7 of Annex I to these guidelines.