Annex XVI

United Kingdom

The following Annex XXI is added:

ANNEX XXI

Activity-specific guidelines for the production of hydrogen and synthesis gas as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC

1.

BOUNDARIES AND COMPLETENESS

The activity-specific guidelines contained in this Annex shall be used to monitor emissions from installations producing hydrogen or synthesis gas as listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC. Where hydrogen production is technically integrated in a mineral oil refinery, the operator of such installation shall use the relevant provisions of Annex III instead.

Installations for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas can be part of integrated installations in the chemical or refinery industry causing an intensive energy and material exchange. CO₂ emissions may occur from combustion of fuels as well as from fuels used as process input.

2.

DETERMINATION OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

In installations for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas, CO₂ emissions result from the following emission sources and source streams:

fuels used in the hydrogen or synthesis gas production process (reforming or partial oxidation),

fuels used for other combustion processes, e.g. with the purpose of producing hot water or steam.

2.1.

CALCULATION OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

2.1.1.

COMBUSTION EMISSIONS

Emissions from combustion of fuels not used as process input for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas production, but for other combustion processes shall be monitored and reported in accordance with Annex II.

2.1.2.

EMISSIONS FROM FUEL USED AS PROCESS INPUT

Emissions from fuels used as process input in hydrogen production shall be calculated using the input-related methodology laid down under Section 2.1.2.1. For synthesis gas production a mass balance as under Section 2.1.2.2 shall be used. Where hydrogen and synthesis gas are produced at the same installation, the operator may choose to calculate the respective emissions from both production processes using one mass balance according to Section 2.1.2.2.

2.1.2.1.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

Emissions from fuel used as process input shall be calculated using the formula

CO₂ emissions = activity data * emission factor

where

activity data is expressed as the net energy content of the fuel used as process input [TJ] or, when a mass or volume related emission factor is used, as the amount of fuel used as process input [t or Nm³],

emission factor is expressed as tonnes CO₂/TJ or as tonnes CO₂/t or as tonnes CO₂/Nm³ of fuel used as process input.

The following tier requirements shall be applied:

(a)

Activity data

Activity data are generally expressed as the net energy content of the fuel used [TJ] during the reporting period. The energy content of the fuel used shall be calculated by means of the following formula:

Energy content of fuel used [TJ] = fuel used [t or Nm³] * net calorific value of fuel [TJ/t or TJ/Nm³]

In case a mass or volume related emission factor [t CO₂/t or t CO₂/Nm³] is used, activity data are expressed as the amount of fuel used [t or Nm³].

With:

(a1)

Fuel used

Tier 1

Amount of fuel used as process input [t or Nm³] processed during the reporting period, derived with a maximum uncertainty of ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

Amount of fuel used as process input [t or Nm³] processed during the reporting period, derived with a maximum uncertainty of ± 5,0 %.

Tier 3

Amount of fuel used as process input [t or Nm³] processed during the reporting period, derived with a maximum uncertainty of ± 2,5 %.

Tier 4

Amount of fuel used as process input [t or Nm³] processed during the reporting period, derived with a maximum uncertainty of ± 1,5 %.

(a2)

Net calorific value

Tier 1

Reference values for each fuel are used as specified in Section 11 of Annex I.

Tier 2a

The operator applies country-specific net calorific values for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 2b

For commercially traded fuels the net calorific value as derived from the purchasing records for the respective fuel provided by the fuel supplier is used, provided it has been derived based on accepted national or international standards.

Tier 3

The net calorific value representative for the fuel in an installation is measured by the operator, a contracted laboratory or the fuel supplier in accordance with the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I.

(b)

Emission factor

Tier 1

The reference values listed in Section 11 of Annex I to these guidelines are used.

Tier 2a

The operator applies country specific emission factors for the respective fuel as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 2b

The operator derives emission factors for the fuel based on one of the following established proxies:

density measurement of specific oils or gases common e.g. to the refinery or steel industry, and

net calorific value for specific coal types,

in combination with an empirical correlation as determined at least once per year according to the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I. The operator shall ensure that the correlation satisfies the requirements of good engineering practice and that it is applied only to values of the proxy which fall into the range for which it was established.

Tier 3

Use of an activity-specific emission factor [CO₂/TJ or CO₂/t or CO₂/Nm³ feed] calculated from the carbon content of the fuel used, determined according to Section 13 of Annex I.

2.1.2.2.

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

As part of the carbon in the fuels used as process input is contained in the produced synthesis gas, a mass balance approach is to be used for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions.

The mass-balance approach shall consider all carbon in inputs, stocks, products and other exports from the installation to determine the level of emissions of greenhouse gases over the reporting period, except for emission sources monitored in accordance with Section 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.1 of this Annex. The following equation shall be used:

CO₂ emissions [t CO₂] = (input – products – export – stock changes) * conversion factor CO₂/C

With:

— input [t C]

all carbon entering the boundaries of the installation,

— products [t C]

all carbon in products and materials, including by-products, leaving the boundaries of the installation,

— export [t C]

carbon exported from the boundaries of the installation, e.g. discharged to sewer, deposited into landfill or through losses. Export does not include the release of greenhouse gases or carbon monoxide into the atmosphere,

— stock changes [t C]

stock increases of carbon within the boundaries of the mass balance.

The calculation shall then be as follows:

CO₂ emissions [t CO₂] = (Σ (activity data_input * carbon content_input) – Σ (activity data_products * carbon content_products) – Σ (activity data_export * carbon content_export) – Σ (activity data_{stock changes} * carbon content_{stock changes})) * 3,664

With:

(a)

activity data

The operator shall analyse and report the mass flows into and from the installation and respective stock changes for all relevant fuels and materials separately. Where the carbon content of a mass flow is usually related to energy content (fuels), the operator may determine and use the carbon content related to the energy content [t C/TJ] of the respective mass flow for the calculation of the mass balance.

Tier 1

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 7,5 %.

Tier 2

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 5 %.

Tier 3

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 2,5 %.

Tier 4

Activity data over the reporting period are determined with a maximum uncertainty of less than ± 1,5 %.

(b)

carbon content

Tier 1

The carbon content of input or output streams is derived from reference emission factors for fuels or materials named in Section 11 of Annex I or in other activity-specific Annexes to these Guidelines. The carbon content is derived as follows:

C content [t/t or TJ] = Emission factor [t CO₂/t or TJ]/3,664 [t CO₂/t C]

Tier 2

The operator applies country-specific carbon contents for the respective fuel or material as reported by the respective Member State in its latest national inventory submitted to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Tier 3

The carbon content of input or output stream shall be derived following the provisions of Section 13 of Annex I in respect to representative sampling of fuels, products and by-products, the determination of their carbon contents and biomass fraction.

2.2.

MEASUREMENT OF CO₂ EMISSIONS

The measurement guidelines contained in Annexes I and XII shall be applied.