{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2012-134/annex/division-5/division-1.3/division-1.3.2/division-25",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2012-134/annex/division-5/division-1.3/division-1.3.2/division-25.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2012/134",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision of 28 February 2012 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the manufacture of glass (notified under document C(2012) 865) (Text with EEA relevance) (2012/134/EU)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2012-134",
  "path": "annex/division/5/division/1.3/division/1.3.2/division/25",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "25",
  "heading": null,
  "text": "BAT is to reduce NOX emissions from the melting furnace by using one or a combination of the following techniques:\nI.. primary techniques, such as:\nA description of the techniques is given in Section 1.10.2.\nTechnique\nApplicability\n(i) Combustion modifications\n(a)\nReduction of air/fuel ratio\nApplicable to air/fuel conventional furnaces.\nFull benefits are achieved at normal or complete furnace rebuild, when combined with optimum furnace design and geometry\n(b)\nReduced combustion air temperature\nThe applicability is restricted to small capacity furnaces for the production of specialty flat glass and under installation-specific circumstances, due to a lower furnace efficiency and higher fuel demand (i.e. use of recuperative furnaces in place of regenerative furnaces)\n(c)\nStaged combustion:\nAir staging\nFuel staging\nFuel staging is applicable to most conventional air/fuel furnaces.\nAir staging has very limited applicability due to its technical complexity\n(d)\nFlue-gas recirculation\nThe applicability of this technique is limited to the use of special burners with automatic recirculation of the waste gas\n(e)\nLow-NOX burners\nThe technique is generally applicable.\nThe achieved environmental benefits are generally lower for applications to cross-fired, gas-fired furnaces due to technical constraints and a lower degree of flexibility of the furnace.\nFull benefits are achieved at normal or complete furnace rebuild, when combined with optimum furnace design and geometry\n(f)\nFuel choice\nThe applicability is limited by the constraints associated with the availability of different types of fuel, which may be impacted by the energy policy of the Member State\n(ii)\nFenix process\nBased on the combination of a number of primary techniques for the optimisation of the combustion of cross-fired regenerative float furnaces. The main features are:\nreduction of excess air\nsuppression of hotspots and homogenisation of the flame temperatures\ncontrolled mixing of the fuel and combustion air\nThe applicability is limited to cross-fired regenerative furnaces.\nApplicable to new furnaces.\nFor existing furnaces, the technique requires being directly integrated during the design and construction of the furnace, at a complete furnace rebuild\n(iii)\nOxy-fuel melting\nThe maximum environmental benefits are achieved for applications at the time of a complete furnace rebuild\nII.. secondary techniques, such as:\nA description of the techniques is given in Section 1.10.2.\nTechnique\nApplicability\n(i)\nChemical reduction by fuel\nApplicable to regenerative furnaces.\nThe applicability is limited by an increased fuel consumption and consequent environmental and economic impact\n(ii)\nSelective catalytic reduction (SCR)\nThe application may require an upgrade of the dust abatement system in order to guarantee a dust concentration of below 10 – 15 mg/Nm3 and a desulphurisation system for the removal of SOX emissions\nDue to the optimum operating temperature window, the applicability is limited to the use of electrostatic precipitators. In general, the technique is not used with a bag filter system because the low operating temperature, in the range of 180 – 200 °C, would require reheating of the waste gases.\nThe implementation of the technique may require significant space availability\nTable 15\nBAT-AELs for NOX emissions from the melting furnace in the flat glass sector\nHigher emission levels are expected when nitrates are used occasionally for the production of special glasses.\nThe conversion factor reported in Table 2 (2,5 × 10–3) has been applied.\nThe lower levels of the range are associated with the application of the Fenix process.\nThe achievable levels depend on the quality of the natural gas and oxygen available (nitrogen content).\nThe higher levels of the range are associated with existing plants until a normal or complete rebuild of the melting furnace. The lower levels are associated with newer/retrofitted plants.\nParameter\nBAT\nBAT-AEL\nmg/Nm3\nkg/tonne melted glass\nNOX expressed as NO2\nCombustion modifications,\nFenix process\n700 – 800\n1,75 – 2,0\nOxy-fuel melting\nNot applicable\n< 1,25 – 2,0\nSecondary techniques\n400 – 700\n1,0 – 1,75",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "A description of the techniques is given in Section 1.10.2."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "A description of the techniques is given in Section 1.10.2."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f3",
      "text": "Higher emission levels are expected when nitrates are used occasionally for the production of special glasses."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f4",
      "text": "The conversion factor reported in Table 2 (2,5 × 10–3) has been applied."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f5",
      "text": "The lower levels of the range are associated with the application of the Fenix process."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f6",
      "text": "The achievable levels depend on the quality of the natural gas and oxygen available (nitrogen content)."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f7",
      "text": "The higher levels of the range are associated with existing plants until a normal or complete rebuild of the melting furnace. The lower levels are associated with newer/retrofitted plants."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2012/134/annex/division/5/division/1.3/division/1.3.2/division/25",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:15:31.348652+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}