# Commission Implementing Decision of 28 February 2012 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the manufacture of glass (notified under document C(2012) 865) (Text with EEA relevance) (2012/134/EU), Division 49 Extent: E+W+S+N.I. BAT is to reduce NOX emissions from the melting furnace by using one or a combination of the following techniques: I.. primary techniques, such as: A description of the techniques is given in Section 1.10.2. Technique Applicability (i) Combustion modifications (a) Reduction of air/fuel ratio Applicable to air/fuel conventional furnaces. Full benefits are achieved at normal or complete furnace rebuild, when combined with optimum furnace design and geometry (b) Reduced combustion air temperature Applicable only under installation-specific circumstances due to a lower furnace efficiency and higher fuel demand (i.e. use of recuperative furnaces in place of regenerative furnaces) (c) Staged combustion: Air staging Fuel staging Fuel staging is applicable to most conventional air/fuel furnaces. Air staging has very limited applicability due to the technical complexity (d) Flue-gas recirculation The applicability of this technique is limited to the use of special burners with automatic recirculation of the waste gas (e) Low-NOX burners The technique is generally applicable. The achieved environmental benefits are generally lower for applications to cross-fired, gas-fired furnaces due to technical constraints and a lower degree of flexibility of the furnace. Full benefits are achieved at normal or complete furnace rebuild, when combined with optimum furnace design and geometry (f) Fuel choice The applicability is limited by the constraints associated with the availability of different types of fuel, which may be impacted by the energy policy of the Member State (ii) Electric melting Not applicable for large volume glass productions (> 300 tonnes/day). Not applicable for productions requiring large pull variations. The implementation requires a complete furnace rebuild (iii) Oxy-fuel melting The maximum environmental benefits are achieved for applications at the time of a complete furnace rebuild II.. secondary techniques, such as: A description of the techniques is given in Section 1.10.2. Technique Applicability (i) Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) The application may require an upgrade of the dust abatement system in order to guarantee a dust concentration of below 10 – 15 mg/Nm3 and a desulphurisation system for the removal of SOX emissions Due to the optimum operating temperature window, the applicability is limited to the use of electrostatic precipitators. In general, the technique is not used with a bag filter system because the low operating temperature, in the range of 180 – 200 °C, would require reheating of the waste gases. The implementation of the technique may require significant space availability (ii) Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) Very limited applicability to conventional regenerative furnaces, where the correct temperature window is difficult to access or does not allow a good mixing of the flue-gases with the reagent It may be applicable to new regenerative furnaces equipped with split regenerators; however, the temperature window is difficult to maintain due to the reversal of fire between the chambers that causes a cyclical temperature change Table 39 BAT-AELs for NOX emissions from the melting furnace in the special glass sector The conversion factors of 2,5 × 10–3 and 4 × 10–3 have been used for the determination of the lower and upper value of the BAT-AEL range (see Table 2), with some values being approximated. However, a case-by-case conversion factor needs to be applied based on the type of production (see Table 2). The higher values are related to a special production of borosilicate glass tubes for pharmaceutical use. The achievable levels depend on the quality of the natural gas and oxygen available (nitrogen content). Parameter BAT BAT-AEL mg/Nm3 kg/tonne melted glass NOX expressed as NO2 Combustion modifications 600 – 800 1,5 – 3,2 Electric melting < 100 < 0,25 – 0,4 Oxy-fuel melting Not applicable < 1 – 3 Secondary techniques < 500 < 1 – 3 --- Source: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2012/134/annex/division/5/division/1.6/division/1.6.2/division/49 (the official version) Page: https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2012-134/annex/division-5/division-1.6/division-1.6.2/division-49 Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.