Division (b) Alternative microbiology methods (PN 3)

Positive blood culture not related to another source of infection

Positive growth in culture of pleural fluid

Pleural or pulmonary abscess with positive needle aspiration

Histologic pulmonary exam shows evidence of pneumonia

Positive exams for pneumonia with virus or particular germs (e.g. Legionella, Aspergillus, mycobacteria, mycoplasma, Pneumocystis jirovecii)

Positive detection of viral antigen or antibody from respiratory secretions (e.g. EIA, FAMA, shell vial assay, PCR)

Positive direct exam or positive culture from bronchial secretions or tissue

Seroconversion (e.g. influenza viruses, Legionella, Chlamydia)

Detection of antigens in urine (Legionella)