{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2013-163/annex/division-5/division-1.3/division-1.3.3/division-33",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2013-163/annex/division-5/division-1.3/division-1.3.3/division-33.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2013/163",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision of 26 March 2013 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide (notified under document C(2013) 1728) (Text with EEA relevance) (2013/163/EU)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2013-163",
  "path": "annex/division/5/division/1.3/division/1.3.3/division/33",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "33",
  "heading": null,
  "text": "In order to reduce/minimise thermal energy consumption, BAT is to use a combination of the following techniques:\nTechnique\nDescription\nApplicability\na\nApplying improved and optimised kiln systems and a smooth and stable kiln process, operating close to the process parameter set points, through:\nI.. process control optimisation\nII.. heat recovery from flue-gases (e.g. use of surplus heat from rotary kilns to dry limestone for other processes such as limestone milling)\nIII.. modern, gravimetric solid fuel feed systems\nIV.. maintenance of the equipment (e.g. air tightness, erosion of refractory)\nV.. the use of optimised grain size of stone\nMaintaining kiln control parameters close to their optimum values has the effect of reducing all consumption parameters due to, among other things, reduced numbers of shutdowns and upset conditions.\nThe use of optimised grain size of stone is subject to raw material availability\nTechnique (a) II is applicable only to long rotary kilns (LRK)\nb\nUsing fuels with characteristics which have a positive influence on thermal energy consumption\nThe characteristics of fuels, e.g. high calorific value and low moisture content can have a positive effect on the thermal energy consumption\nThe applicability depends on the technical possibility to feed the selected fuel into the kiln and on the availability of suitable fuels (e.g. high calorific value and low humidity) which may be impacted by the energy policy of the Member State\nc\nLimiting excess air\nA decrease of excess air used for combustion has a direct effect on fuel consumption since high percentages of air require more thermal energy to heat up the excess volume.\nOnly in LRK and PRK the limitation of excess air has an impact on thermal energy consumption.\nThe technique has a potential of increasing TOC and CO emission\nApplicable to LRK and PRK within the limits of a potential overheating of some areas in the kiln with consequent deterioration of the refractory lifetime",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2013/163/annex/division/5/division/1.3/division/1.3.3/division/33",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:15:07.930990+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}