{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2014-687/annex/division-9/division-1.7/division-1.7.3",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2014-687/annex/division-9/division-1.7/division-1.7.3.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2014/687",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision of 26 September 2014 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for the production of pulp, paper and board (notified under document C(2014) 6750) (Text with EEA relevance) (2014/687/EU)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2014-687",
  "path": "annex/division/9/division/1.7/division/1.7.3",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "1.7.3",
  "heading": "Description of techniques for waste generation prevention and waste management",
  "text": "Technique\nDescription\nWaste assessment and waste management system\nWaste assessment and waste management systems are used to identify feasible options for optimising prevention, reuse, recovery, recycling and final disposal of waste. Waste inventories allow for identifying and classifying type, characteristics, amount and origin of each waste fraction\nSeparate collection of different waste fractions\nThe separate collection of different waste fractions at the points of origin and, if appropriate, intermediate storage can enhance the options for reuse or recirculation. Separate collection also includes segregation and classification of hazardous waste fractions (e.g. oil and grease residues, hydraulic and transformer oils, waste batteries, scrap electrical equipment, solvents, paints, biocides or chemical residues)\nMerging of suitable residue fractions\nMerging of suitable fractions of residue depending on the preferred options for reuse/recycling, further treatment and disposal\nPretreatment of process residues before reuse or recycling\nPretreatment comprises techniques such as:\ndewatering e.g. of sludge, bark or rejects and in some cases drying to enhance reusability before utilisation (e.g. increase calorific value before incineration); or\ndewatering to reduce weight and volume for transport. For dewatering belt presses, screw presses, decanter centrifuges or chamber filter presses are used;\ncrushing/shredding of rejects e.g. from RCF processes and removal of metallic parts, to enhance combustion characteristics before incineration;\nbiological stabilisation before dewatering, in case agricultural utilisation is foreseen\nMaterial recovery and recycling of process residues on site\nProcesses for material recovery comprise techniques such as:\nseparation of fibres from water streams and recirculation into feedstock;\nrecovery of chemical additives, coating pigments, etc.;\nrecovery of cooking chemicals by means of recovery boilers, causticising, etc.\nEnergy recovery on- or off-site from wastes with high organic content\nResidues from debarking, chipping, screening etc. like bark, fibre sludge or other mainly organic residues are burnt due to their calorific value in incinerators or biomass power plants for energy recovery\nExternal material utilisation\nMaterial utilisation of suitable waste from pulp and paper production can be done in other industrial sectors, e.g. by:\nfiring in the kilns or mixing with feedstock in cement, ceramics or bricks production (includes also energy recovery);\ncomposting paper sludge or land spreading suitable waste fractions in agriculture;\nuse of inorganic waste fractions (sand, stones, grits, ashes, lime) for construction, such as paving, roads, covering layers etc.\nThe suitability of waste fractions for off-site utilisation is determined by the composition of the waste (e.g. inorganic/mineral content) and the evidence that the foreseen recycling operation does not cause harm to the environment or health\nPretreatment of waste fraction before disposal\nPretreatment of waste before disposal comprises measures (dewatering, drying etc.) reducing the weight and volume for transport or disposal",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2014/687/annex/division/9/division/1.7/division/1.7.3",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:14:38.312084+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}