{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2014-738/annex/division-3/division-1.9/division-1/division-I",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2014-738/annex/division-3/division-1.9/division-1/division-I.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2014/738",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision of 9 October 2014 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas (notified under document C(2014) 7155) (Text with EEA relevance) (2014/738/EU)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2014-738",
  "path": "annex/division/3/division/1.9/division/1/division/I",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "I",
  "heading": "Primary or process-related techniques, such as:",
  "text": "Technique\nDescription\nApplicability\n(i) Selection or treatment of fuel\n(a)\nUse of gas to replace liquid fuel\nGas generally contains less nitrogen than liquid and its combustion leads to a lower level of NOX emissions.\nSee Section 1.20.3\nThe applicability may be limited by the constraints associated with the availability of low sulphur gas fuels, which may be impacted by the energy policy of the Member State\n(b)\nUse of low nitrogen refinery fuel oil (RFO) e.g. by RFO selection or by hydrotreatment of RFO\nRefinery fuel oil selection favours low nitrogen liquid fuels among the possible sources to be used at the unit.\nHydrotreatment aims at reducing the sulphur, nitrogen and metal contents of the fuel.\nSee Section 1.20.3\nApplicability is limited by the availability of low nitrogen liquid fuels, hydrogen production and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) treatment capacity (e.g. amine and Claus units)\n(ii) Combustion modifications\n(a)\nStaged combustion:\nair staging\nfuel staging\nSee Section 1.20.2\nFuel staging for mixed or liquid firing may require a specific burner design\n(b)\nOptimisation of combustion\nSee Section 1.20.2\nGenerally applicable\n(c)\nFlue-gas recirculation\nSee Section 1.20.2\nApplicable through the use of specific burners with internal recirculation of the flue-gas.\nThe applicability may be restricted to retrofitting external flue-gas recirculation to units with a forced/induced draught mode of operation\n(d)\nDiluent injection\nSee Section 1.20.2\nGenerally applicable for gas turbines where appropriate inert diluents are available\n(e)\nUse of low-NOX burners (LNB)\nSee Section 1.20.2\nGenerally applicable for new units taking into account, the fuel-specific limitation (e.g. for heavy oil).\nFor existing units, applicability may be restricted by the complexity caused by site-specific conditions e.g. furnaces design, surrounding devices.\nIn very specific cases, substantial modifications may be required.\nThe applicability may be restricted for furnaces in the delayed coking process, due to possible coke generation in the furnaces.\nIn gas turbines, the applicability is restricted to low hydrogen content fuels (generally < 10 %)",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2014/738/annex/division/3/division/1.9/division/1/division/I",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:14:36.977162+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}