# Commission Implementing Decision of 9 October 2014 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas (notified under document C(2014) 7155) (Text with EEA relevance) (2014/738/EU), Division I: Primary or process-related techniques, such as:

Extent: E+W+S+N.I.

Technique
Description
Applicability
(i) Selection or treatment of fuel
(a)
Use of gas to replace liquid fuel
Gas generally contains less nitrogen than liquid and its combustion leads to a lower level of NOX emissions.
See Section 1.20.3
The applicability may be limited by the constraints associated with the availability of low sulphur gas fuels, which may be impacted by the energy policy of the Member State
(b)
Use of low nitrogen refinery fuel oil (RFO) e.g. by RFO selection or by hydrotreatment of RFO
Refinery fuel oil selection favours low nitrogen liquid fuels among the possible sources to be used at the unit.
Hydrotreatment aims at reducing the sulphur, nitrogen and metal contents of the fuel.
See Section 1.20.3
Applicability is limited by the availability of low nitrogen liquid fuels, hydrogen production and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) treatment capacity (e.g. amine and Claus units)
(ii) Combustion modifications
(a)
Staged combustion:
air staging
fuel staging
See Section 1.20.2
Fuel staging for mixed or liquid firing may require a specific burner design
(b)
Optimisation of combustion
See Section 1.20.2
Generally applicable
(c)
Flue-gas recirculation
See Section 1.20.2
Applicable through the use of specific burners with internal recirculation of the flue-gas.
The applicability may be restricted to retrofitting external flue-gas recirculation to units with a forced/induced draught mode of operation
(d)
Diluent injection
See Section 1.20.2
Generally applicable for gas turbines where appropriate inert diluents are available
(e)
Use of low-NOX burners (LNB)
See Section 1.20.2
Generally applicable for new units taking into account, the fuel-specific limitation (e.g. for heavy oil).
For existing units, applicability may be restricted by the complexity caused by site-specific conditions e.g. furnaces design, surrounding devices.
In very specific cases, substantial modifications may be required.
The applicability may be restricted for furnaces in the delayed coking process, due to possible coke generation in the furnaces.
In gas turbines, the applicability is restricted to low hydrogen content fuels (generally < 10 %)

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Source: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2014/738/annex/division/3/division/1.9/division/1/division/I (the official version)
Page: https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2014-738/annex/division-3/division-1.9/division-1/division-I
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.