Division Additional informationF1F2

Mus'ab Mustafa is seen as a central actor in human trafficking and migrant smuggling activities in the area of Sabratha, but also works from Zawiya and Garibulli. His transnational network covers Libya, European destinations, sub-Saharan countries for the recruitment of migrants and Arab countries for the financial sector. Reliable sources have documented his collusion in human trafficking and smuggling with Ermias Alem, who takes care of the ‘ Eastern supply chain ’ on behalf of Mustafa. There is evidence that Mustafa has cultivated relationships with other actors in the trafficking business, notably Mohammed al-HadiadaHh (cousin and head of the al-Nasr brigade, also proposed for listing) in Zawiya. A former accomplice of Mustafa, who is now cooperating with the Libyan authorities, claims that Mustafa organised journeys over sea for 45 000 people in 2015 alone, exposing migrants (including minors) to the risk of death. Mustafa is the organiser of a journey on 18 April 2015 ending in a shipwrecking in the Sicilian Canal that caused the death of 800 people. Evidence, including from the UN Panel of Experts, documents that he is responsible for the detention of migrants under brutal conditions, including in Tripoli near the al-Wadi area and seaside resorts near Sabratha where migrants are held. Mustafa is reported to have been close to the al-Dabbashi clan in Sabratha, until a conflict broke out over a ‘ protection tax ’ . Sources have reported that Mustafa has paid persons close to violent extremists in the Sabratha area, in exchange for the approval to smuggle migrants on behalf of violent extremist circles, that financially benefit from the exploitation of illegal immigration. Mustafa is connected to a network of smugglers composed of Salafi armed groups in Tripoli, Sebha and Kufra.