Division BAT 14 BAT is to monitor emissions to air and water and to monitor process flue-gases in accordance with EN standards with at least the frequency given below. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.
United Kingdom
Monitoring of emissions to air from the dryer and for combined treated emissions from the dryer and the press
| Methane monitored according to EN ISO 25140 or EN ISO 25139 is subtracted from the result when using natural gas, LPG, etc. as a fuel. | |||
| Not relevant when using mainly wood-derived fuels, natural gas, LPG, etc. as a fuel. | |||
| Including As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl and V. | |||
| Relevant if contaminated recovered wood is used as fuel. | |||
| Relevant if SNCR is applied. | |||
| In the absence of an EN standard, the preferred approach is isokinetic sampling in an impinging solution with a heated probe and filter box and without probe washing, e.g. based on the US EPA M316 method. | |||
| Parameter | Standard(s) | Minimum monitoring frequency | Monitoring associated with |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dust | EN 13284-1 | Periodic measurement at least once every six months | BAT 17 |
| TVOCf1 | EN 12619 | BAT 17 | |
| Formaldehyde | No EN standard availablef2 | BAT 17 | |
| NOX | EN 14792 | BAT 18 | |
| HClf3 | EN 1911 | — | |
| HF | ISO 15713 | — | |
| SO2 f4 | EN 14791 | Periodic measurement at least once a year | — |
| Metalsf5 | EN 13211 (for Hg), EN 14385 (for other metals) | — | |
| PCDD/F | EN 1948 parts 1, 2 and 3 | — | |
| NH3 f6 | No EN standard available | — | |
| Methane monitored according to EN ISO 25140 or EN ISO 25139 is subtracted from the result when using natural gas, LPG, etc. as a fuel. | |||
| In the absence of an EN standard, the preferred approach is isokinetic sampling in an impinging solution with a heated probe and filter box and without probe washing, e.g. based on the US EPA M316 method. | |||
| Monitoring of emissions to air from the press | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Standard(s) | Minimum monitoring frequency | Monitoring associated with |
| Dust | EN 13284-1 | Periodic measurement at least once every six months | BAT 19 |
| TVOC | EN 12619 | BAT 19 | |
| Formaldehyde | No EN standard availablef7 | BAT 19 | |
| Monitoring of emissions to air from paper impregnation drying ovens | |||
| Parameter | Standard(s) | Minimum monitoring frequency | Monitoring associated with |
| TVOCf8 | EN 12619 | Periodic measurement at least once a year | BAT 21 |
| Formaldehyde | No EN standard available | BAT 21 | |
Monitoring of channelled emissions to air from upstream and downstream processing
| Sampling from bag filters and cyclofilters can be replaced by continuous monitoring of the pressure drop across the filter as an indicative surrogate parameter. | |||
| Parameter | Standard(s) | Minimum monitoring frequency | Monitoring associated with |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dust | EN 13284-1f9 | Periodic measurement at least once a year | BAT 20 |
Monitoring of combustion process flue-gas that is subsequently used for directly heated dryers f10
| The measurement point is before the mixing of the flue-gas with other airstreams and only if technically feasible. | |||
| Parameter | Standard(s) | Minimum monitoring frequency | Monitoring associated with |
|---|---|---|---|
| NOX | Periodic: EN 14792 Continuous: EN 15267-1 to 3 and EN 14181 | Periodic measurement at least once a year or continuous measurement | BAT 7 |
| CO | Periodic: EN 15058 Continuous: EN 15267-1 to 3 and EN 14181 | BAT 7 | |
Monitoring of emissions to water from wood fibre production
| There is a tendency to replace COD with TOC for economic and environmental reasons. A correlation between the two parameters should be established on a site-specific basis. | |||
| Including As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. | |||
| Parameter | Standard(s) | Minimum monitoring frequency | Monitoring associated with |
|---|---|---|---|
| TSS | EN 872 | Periodic measurement at least once a week. | BAT 27 |
| CODf11 | No EN standard available | BAT 27 | |
| TOC (Total organic carbon, expressed as C) | EN 1484 | — | |
| Metalsf12, if relevant (e.g. when recovered wood is used) | Various EN standards available | Periodic measurement at least once every six months. | — |
Monitoring of emissions to water from surface run-off water
| Flow-proportional sampling can be replaced by another standard sampling procedure if the flow is insufficient for representative sampling. | |||
| Parameter | Standard(s) | Minimum monitoring frequency | Monitoring associated with |
|---|---|---|---|
| TSS | EN 872 | Periodic measurement at least once every three monthsf13 | BAT 25 |
Annotations
Footnotes
- f1
-
Methane monitored according to EN ISO 25140 or EN ISO 25139 is subtracted from the result when using natural gas, LPG, etc. as a fuel.
- f2
-
In the absence of an EN standard, the preferred approach is isokinetic sampling in an impinging solution with a heated probe and filter box and without probe washing, e.g. based on the US EPA M316 method.
- f3
-
Relevant if contaminated recovered wood is used as fuel.
- f4
-
Not relevant when using mainly wood-derived fuels, natural gas, LPG, etc. as a fuel.
- f5
-
Including As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl and V.
- f6
-
Relevant if SNCR is applied.
- f7
-
In the absence of an EN standard, the preferred approach is isokinetic sampling in an impinging solution with a heated probe and filter box and without probe washing, e.g. based on the US EPA M316 method.
- f8
-
Methane monitored according to EN ISO 25140 or EN ISO 25139 is subtracted from the result when using natural gas, LPG, etc. as a fuel.
- f9
-
Sampling from bag filters and cyclofilters can be replaced by continuous monitoring of the pressure drop across the filter as an indicative surrogate parameter.
- f10
-
The measurement point is before the mixing of the flue-gas with other airstreams and only if technically feasible.
- f11
-
There is a tendency to replace COD with TOC for economic and environmental reasons. A correlation between the two parameters should be established on a site-specific basis.
- f12
-
Including As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn.
- f13
-
Flow-proportional sampling can be replaced by another standard sampling procedure if the flow is insufficient for representative sampling.