{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2016-1032/annex/division-1.10/division-1.10.1/division-1.10.1.3",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2016-1032/annex/division-1.10/division-1.10.1/division-1.10.1.3.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2016/1032",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1032 of 13 June 2016 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for the non-ferrous metals industries (notified under document C(2016) 3563) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2016-1032",
  "path": "annex/division/1.10/division/1.10.1/division/1.10.1.3",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "1.10.1.3",
  "heading": "SO2, HCl, and HF emissions",
  "text": "Technique\nDescription\nDry or semi-dry scrubber\nDry powder or a suspension/solution of an alkaline reagent (e.g. lime or sodium bicarbonate) is introduced and dispersed in the off-gas stream. The material reacts with the acidic gaseous species (e.g. SO2) to form a solid which is removed by filtration (bag filter or electrostatic precipitator). The use of a reaction tower improves the removal efficiency of the scrubbing system. Adsorption can also be achieved by the use of packed towers (e.g. coke filter).\nFor existing plants, the performance is linked to process parameters such as temperature (min. 60 °C), moisture content, contact time, gas fluctuations and to the capability of the dust filtration system (e.g. bag filter) to cope with the additional dust load\nWet scrubber\nIn the wet scrubbing process, gaseous compounds are dissolved in a scrubbing solution (e.g. an alkaline solution containing lime, NaOH, or H2O2). Downstream of the wet scrubber, the off-gases are saturated with water and a separation of the droplets is carried out before discharging the off-gases. The resulting liquid is further treated by a waste water process and the insoluble matter is collected by sedimentation or filtration.\nFor existing plants, this technique may require significant space availability\nUse of low-sulphur fuels\nThe use of natural gas or low-sulphur fuel oil reduces the amount of SO2 and SO3 emissions from the oxidation of sulphur contained in the fuel during combustion\nPolyether-based absorption/desorption system\nA polyether-based solvent is used to selectively absorb the SO2 from the exhaust gases. Then the absorbed SO2 is stripped in another column and the solvent is fully regenerated. The stripped SO2 is used to produce liquid SO2 or sulphuric acid",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2016/1032/annex/division/1.10/division/1.10.1/division/1.10.1.3",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:13:55.916563+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}