Division BAT 21
United Kingdom
In order to use energy efficiently in primary copper production, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.
| Technique | Applicability | |
|---|---|---|
| a | Optimise the use of the energy contained in the concentrate using a flash smelting furnace | Only applicable for new plants and for major upgrades of existing plants |
| b | Use the hot process gases from the melting stages to heat up the furnace charge | Only applicable to shaft furnaces |
| c | Cover the concentrates during transport and storage | Generally applicable |
| d | Use the excess heat produced during the primary smelting or converting stages to melt secondary materials containing copper | Generally applicable |
| e | Use the heat in the gases from anode furnaces in a cascade for other processes such as drying | Generally applicable |