{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442/annex/division-1/division-1.2/division-3",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442/annex/division-1/division-1.2/division-3.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2017/1442",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1442 of 31 July 2017 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for large combustion plants (notified under document C(2017) 5225) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442",
  "path": "annex/division/1/division/1.2/division/3",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "BAT 4",
  "heading": "BAT is to monitor emissions to air with at least the frequency given below and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.",
  "text": "Generic EN standards for continuous measurements are EN 15267-1, EN 15267-2, EN 15267-3, and EN 14181. EN standards for periodic measurements are given in the table.\nThe monitoring frequency does not apply where plant operation would be for the sole purpose of performing an emission measurement.\nIn the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 1 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months. For gas turbines, periodic monitoring is carried out with a combustion plant load of > 70 %. For co-incineration of waste with coal, lignite, solid biomass and/or peat, the monitoring frequency needs to also take into account Part 6 of Annex VI to the IED.\nIn the case of use of SCR, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year, if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable.\nIn the case of natural-gas-fired turbines with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 1 500 h/yr, or in the case of existing OCGTs, PEMS may be used instead.\nPEMS may be used instead.\nTwo sets of measurements are carried out, one with the plant operated at loads of > 70 % and the other one at loads of < 70 %.\nAs an alternative to the continuous measurement in the case of plants combusting oil with a known sulphur content and where there is no flue-gas desulphurisation system, periodic measurements at least once every three months and/or other procedures ensuring the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality may be used to determine the SO2 emissions.\nIn the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, the monitoring frequency may be adjusted for plants of < 100 MWth after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions.\nIf the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable, periodic measurements may be carried out each time that a change of the fuel and/or waste characteristics may have an impact on the emissions, but in any case at least once every year. For co-incineration of waste with coal, lignite, solid biomass and/or peat, the monitoring frequency needs to also take into account Part 6 of Annex VI to the IED.\nIn the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, the monitoring frequency may be adjusted after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions.\nIn the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year. In the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated between 500 h/yr and 1 500 h/yr, the monitoring frequency may be reduced to at least once every six months.\nIf the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable, periodic measurements may be carried out each time that a change of the fuel and/or waste characteristics may have an impact on the emissions, but in any case at least once every six months.\nIn the case of plants combusting iron and steel process gases, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable.\nThe list of pollutants monitored and the monitoring frequency may be adjusted after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions.\nIn the case of plants operated < 1 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months.\nIn the case of plants operated < 1 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year.\nContinuous sampling combined with frequent analysis of time-integrated samples, e.g. by a standardised sorbent trap monitoring method, may be used as an alternative to continuous measurements.\nIf the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable due to the low mercury content in the fuel, periodic measurements may be carried out only each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions.\nThe minimum monitoring frequency does not apply in the case of plants operated < 1 500 h/yr.\nMeasurements are carried out with the plant operated at loads of > 70 %.\nIn the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, monitoring is only applicable when the fuels contain chlorinated substances.\nSubstance/Parameter\nFuel/Process/Type of combustion plant\nCombustion plant total rated thermal input\nStandard(s)\nMinimum monitoring frequency\nMonitoring associated with\nNH3\nWhen SCR and/or SNCR is used\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards\nContinuous\nBAT 7\nNOX\nCoal and/or lignite including waste co-incineration\nSolid biomass and/or peat including waste co-incineration\nHFO- and/or gas-oil-fired boilers and engines\nGas-oil-fired gas turbines\nNatural-gas-fired boilers, engines, and turbines\nIron and steel process gases\nProcess fuels from the chemical industry\nIGCC plants\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards\nContinuous\nBAT 20\nBAT 24\nBAT 28\nBAT 32\nBAT 37\nBAT 41\nBAT 42\nBAT 43\nBAT 47\nBAT 48\nBAT 56\nBAT 64\nBAT 65\nBAT 73\nCombustion plants on offshore platforms\nAll sizes\nEN 14792\nOnce every year\nBAT 53\nN2O\nCoal and/or lignite in circulating fluidised bed boilers\nSolid biomass and/or peat in circulating fluidised bed boilers\nAll sizes\nEN 21258\nOnce every year\nBAT 20\nBAT 24\nCO\nCoal and/or lignite including waste co-incineration\nSolid biomass and/or peat including waste co-incineration\nHFO- and/or gas-oil-fired boilers and engines\nGas-oil-fired gas turbines\nNatural-gas-fired boilers, engines, and turbines\nIron and steel process gases\nProcess fuels from the chemical industry\nIGCC plants\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards\nContinuous\nBAT 20\nBAT 24\nBAT 28\nBAT 33\nBAT 38\nBAT 44\nBAT 49\nBAT 56\nBAT 64\nBAT 65\nBAT 73\nCombustion plants on offshore platforms\nAll sizes\nEN 15058\nOnce every year\nBAT 54\nSO2\nCoal and/or lignite including waste co-incineration\nSolid biomass and/or peat including waste co-incineration\nHFO- and/or gas-oil-fired boilers\nHFO- and/or gas-oil-fired engines\nGas-oil-fired gas turbines\nIron and steel process gases\nProcess fuels from the chemical industry in boilers\nIGCC plants\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards and EN 14791\nContinuous\nBAT 21\nBAT 25\nBAT 29\nBAT 34\nBAT 39\nBAT 50\nBAT 57\nBAT 66\nBAT 67\nBAT 74\nSO3\nWhen SCR is used\nAll sizes\nNo EN standard available\nOnce every year\n—\nGaseous chlorides, expressed as HCl\nCoal and/or lignite\nProcess fuels from the chemical industry in boilers\nAll sizes\nEN 1911\nOnce every three months\nBAT 21\nBAT 57\nSolid biomass and/or peat\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards\nContinuous\nBAT 25\nWaste co-incineration\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards\nContinuous\nBAT 66\nBAT 67\nHF\nCoal and/or lignite\nProcess fuels from the chemical industry in boilers\nAll sizes\nNo EN standard available\nOnce every three months\nBAT 21\nBAT 57\nSolid biomass and/or peat\nAll sizes\nNo EN standard available\nOnce every year\nBAT 25\nWaste co-incineration\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards\nContinuous\nBAT 66\nBAT 67\nDust\nCoal and/or lignite\nSolid biomass and/or peat\nHFO- and/or gas-oil-fired boilers\nIron and steel process gases\nProcess fuels from the chemical industry in boilers\nIGCC plants\nHFO- and/or gas-oil-fired engines\nGas-oil-fired gas turbines\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards and EN 13284-1 and EN 13284-2\nContinuous\nBAT 22\nBAT 26\nBAT 30\nBAT 35\nBAT 39\nBAT 51\nBAT 58\nBAT 75\nWaste co-incineration\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards and EN 13284-2\nContinuous\nBAT 68\nBAT 69\nMetals and metalloids except mercury (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn)\nCoal and/or lignite\nSolid biomass and/or peat\nHFO- and/or gas-oil-fired boilers and engines\nAll sizes\nEN 14385\nOnce every year\nBAT 22\nBAT 26\nBAT 30\nWaste co-incineration\n< 300 MWth\nEN 14385\nOnce every six months\nBAT 68\nBAT 69\n≥ 300 MWth\nEN 14385\nOnce every three months\nIGCC plants\n≥ 100 MWth\nEN 14385\nOnce every year\nBAT 75\nHg\nCoal and/or lignite including waste co-incineration\n< 300 MWth\nEN 13211\nOnce every three months\nBAT 23\n≥ 300 MWth\nGeneric EN standards and EN 14884\nContinuous\nSolid biomass and/or peat\nAll sizes\nEN 13211\nOnce every year\nBAT 27\nWaste co-incineration with solid biomass and/or peat\nAll sizes\nEN 13211\nOnce every three months\nBAT 70\nIGCC plants\n≥ 100 MWth\nEN 13211\nOnce every year\nBAT 75\nTVOC\nHFO- and/or gas-oil-fired engines\nProcess fuels from the chemical industry in boilers\nAll sizes\nEN 12619\nOnce every six months\nBAT 33\nBAT 59\nWaste co-incineration with coal, lignite, solid biomass and/or peat\nAll sizes\nGeneric EN standards\nContinuous\nBAT 71\nFormaldehyde\nNatural-gas in spark-ignited lean-burn gas and dual fuel engines\nAll sizes\nNo EN standard available\nOnce every year\nBAT 45\nCH4\nNatural-gas-fired engines\nAll sizes\nEN ISO 25139\nOnce every year\nBAT 45\nPCDD/F\nProcess fuels from the chemical industry in boilers\nWaste co-incineration\nAll sizes\nEN 1948-1, EN 1948-2, EN 1948-3\nOnce every six months\nBAT 59\nBAT 71",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "Generic EN standards for continuous measurements are EN 15267-1, EN 15267-2, EN 15267-3, and EN 14181. EN standards for periodic measurements are given in the table."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "The monitoring frequency does not apply where plant operation would be for the sole purpose of performing an emission measurement."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f3",
      "text": "In the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 1 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months. For gas turbines, periodic monitoring is carried out with a combustion plant load of > 70 %. For co-incineration of waste with coal, lignite, solid biomass and/or peat, the monitoring frequency needs to also take into account Part 6 of Annex VI to the IED."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f4",
      "text": "In the case of use of SCR, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year, if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f5",
      "text": "In the case of natural-gas-fired turbines with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 1 500 h/yr, or in the case of existing OCGTs, PEMS may be used instead."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f6",
      "text": "PEMS may be used instead."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f7",
      "text": "Two sets of measurements are carried out, one with the plant operated at loads of > 70 % and the other one at loads of < 70 %."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f8",
      "text": "As an alternative to the continuous measurement in the case of plants combusting oil with a known sulphur content and where there is no flue-gas desulphurisation system, periodic measurements at least once every three months and/or other procedures ensuring the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality may be used to determine the SO2 emissions."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f9",
      "text": "In the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, the monitoring frequency may be adjusted for plants of < 100 MWth after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f10",
      "text": "If the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable, periodic measurements may be carried out each time that a change of the fuel and/or waste characteristics may have an impact on the emissions, but in any case at least once every year. For co-incineration of waste with coal, lignite, solid biomass and/or peat, the monitoring frequency needs to also take into account Part 6 of Annex VI to the IED."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f11",
      "text": "In the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, the monitoring frequency may be adjusted after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f12",
      "text": "In the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated < 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year. In the case of plants with a rated thermal input of < 100 MW operated between 500 h/yr and 1 500 h/yr, the monitoring frequency may be reduced to at least once every six months."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f13",
      "text": "If the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable, periodic measurements may be carried out each time that a change of the fuel and/or waste characteristics may have an impact on the emissions, but in any case at least once every six months."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f14",
      "text": "In the case of plants combusting iron and steel process gases, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f15",
      "text": "The list of pollutants monitored and the monitoring frequency may be adjusted after an initial characterisation of the fuel (see BAT 5) based on an assessment of the relevance of pollutant releases (e.g. concentration in fuel, flue-gas treatment employed) in the emissions to air, but in any case at least each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f16",
      "text": "In the case of plants operated < 1 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every six months."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f17",
      "text": "In the case of plants operated < 1 500 h/yr, the minimum monitoring frequency may be at least once every year."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f18",
      "text": "Continuous sampling combined with frequent analysis of time-integrated samples, e.g. by a standardised sorbent trap monitoring method, may be used as an alternative to continuous measurements."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f19",
      "text": "If the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable due to the low mercury content in the fuel, periodic measurements may be carried out only each time that a change of the fuel characteristics may have an impact on the emissions."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f20",
      "text": "The minimum monitoring frequency does not apply in the case of plants operated < 1 500 h/yr."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f21",
      "text": "Measurements are carried out with the plant operated at loads of > 70 %."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f22",
      "text": "In the case of process fuels from the chemical industry, monitoring is only applicable when the fuels contain chlorinated substances."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2017/1442/annex/division/1/division/1.2/division/3",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:13:23.628050+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}