{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442/annex/division-3/division-3.1/division-3.1.2/division-1",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442/annex/division-3/division-3.1/division-3.1.2/division-1.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2017/1442",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1442 of 31 July 2017 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for large combustion plants (notified under document C(2017) 5225) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442",
  "path": "annex/division/3/division/3.1/division/3.1.2/division/1",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "BAT 28",
  "heading": "In order to prevent or reduce NOX emissions to air while limiting CO emissions to air from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in boilers, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.",
  "text": "Technique\nDescription\nApplicability\na.\nAir staging\nSee descriptions in Section 8.3\nGenerally applicable\nb.\nFuel staging\nc.\nFlue-gas recirculation\nd.\nLow-NOX burners (LNB)\ne.\nWater/steam addition\nApplicable within the constraints of water availability\nf.\nSelective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)\nNot applicable to combustion plants operated < 500 h/yr with highly variable boiler loads.\nThe applicability may be limited in the case of combustion plants operated between 500 h/yr and 1 500 h/yr with highly variable boiler loads\ng.\nSelective catalytic reduction (SCR)\nSee descriptions in Section 8.3\nNot applicable to combustion plants operated < 500 h/yr.\nThere may be technical and economic restrictions for retrofitting existing combustion plants operated between 500 h/yr and 1 500 h/yr.\nNot generally applicable to combustion plants of < 100 MWth\nh.\nAdvanced control system\nGenerally applicable to new combustion plants. The applicability to old combustion plants may be constrained by the need to retrofit the combustion system and/or control command system\ni.\nFuel choice\nApplicable within the constraints associated with the availability of different types of fuel, which may be impacted by the energy policy of the Member State\nTable 14\nBAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for NOX emissions to air from the combustion of HFO and/or gas oil in boilers\nThese BAT-AELs do not apply to plants operated < 1 500 h/yr.\nFor plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative.\nFor industrial boilers and district heating plants put into operation no later than 27 November 2003, which are operated < 1 500 h/yr and for which SCR and/or SNCR is not applicable, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 450 mg/Nm3.\nThe higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 110 mg/Nm3 for plants of 100–300 MWth and plants of ≥ 300 MWth that were put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.\nThe higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 145 mg/Nm3 for plants of 100–300 MWth and plants of ≥ 300 MWth that were put into operation no later than 7 January 2014.\nFor industrial boilers and district heating plants of > 100 MWth put into operation no later than 27 November 2003, which are operated < 1 500 h/yr and for which SCR and/or SNCR is not applicable, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 365 mg/Nm3.\nCombustion plant total rated thermal input(MWth)\nBAT-AELs (mg/Nm3)\nYearly average\nDaily average or average over the sampling period\nNew plant\nExisting plant\nNew plant\nExisting plant\n< 100\n75–200\n150–270\n100–215\n210–330\n≥ 100\n45–75\n45–100\n85–100\n85–110\nAs an indication, the yearly average CO emission levels will generally be:\n10-30 mg/Nm3 for existing combustion plants of < 100 MWth operated ≥ 1 500 h/yr, or new combustion plants of <100 MWth,\n10–20mg/Nm3 for existing combustion plants of ≥ 100 MWth operated ≥ 1 500 h/yr, or new combustion plants of ≥ 100 MWth.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "These BAT-AELs do not apply to plants operated < 1 500 h/yr."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "For plants operated < 500 h/yr, these levels are indicative."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f3",
      "text": "For industrial boilers and district heating plants put into operation no later than 27 November 2003, which are operated < 1 500 h/yr and for which SCR and/or SNCR is not applicable, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 450 mg/Nm3."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f4",
      "text": "The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 110 mg/Nm3 for plants of 100–300 MWth and plants of ≥ 300 MWth that were put into operation no later than 7 January 2014."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f5",
      "text": "The higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 145 mg/Nm3 for plants of 100–300 MWth and plants of ≥ 300 MWth that were put into operation no later than 7 January 2014."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f6",
      "text": "For industrial boilers and district heating plants of > 100 MWth put into operation no later than 27 November 2003, which are operated < 1 500 h/yr and for which SCR and/or SNCR is not applicable, the higher end of the BAT-AEL range is 365 mg/Nm3."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2017/1442/annex/division/3/division/3.1/division/3.1.2/division/1",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:13:23.628050+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}