{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442/annex/division-8/division-8.4",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442/annex/division-8/division-8.4.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2017/1442",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1442 of 31 July 2017 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for large combustion plants (notified under document C(2017) 5225) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-1442",
  "path": "annex/division/8/division/8.4",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "8.4",
  "heading": "Techniques to reduce emissions of SOX, HCl and/or HF to air",
  "text": "Technique\nDescription\nBoiler sorbent injection (in-furnace or in-bed)\nThe direct injection of a dry sorbent into the combustion chamber, or the addition of magnesium- or calcium-based adsorbents to the bed of a fluidised bed boiler. The surface of the sorbent particles reacts with the SO2 in the flue-gas or in the fluidised bed boiler. It is mostly used in combination with a dust abatement technique.\nCirculating fluidised bed (CFB) dry scrubber\nFlue-gas from the boiler air preheater enters the CFB absorber at the bottom and flows vertically upwards through a Venturi section where a solid sorbent and water are injected separately into the flue-gas stream. It is mostly used in combination with a dust abatement technique.\nCombined techniques for NOX and SOX reduction\nSee Section 8.3\nDuct sorbent injection (DSI)\nThe injection and dispersion of a dry powder sorbent in the flue-gas stream. The sorbent (e.g. sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, hydrated lime) reacts with acid gases (e.g. the gaseous sulphur species and HCl) to form a solid which is removed with dust abatement techniques (bag filter or electrostatic precipitator). DSI is mostly used in combination with a bag filter.\nFlue-gas condenser\nSee Section 8.2\nFuel choice\nThe use of a fuel with a low sulphur, chlorine and/or fluorine content\nProcess gas management system\nSee Section 8.2\nSeawater FGD\nA specific non-regenerative type of wet scrubbing using the natural alkalinity of the seawater to absorb the acidic compounds in the flue-gas. Generally requires an upstream abatement of dust.\nSpray dry absorber (SDA)\nA suspension/solution of an alkaline reagent is introduced and dispersed in the flue-gas stream. The material reacts with the gaseous sulphur species to form a solid which is removed with dust abatement techniques (bag filter or electrostatic precipitator). SDA is mostly used in combination with a bag filter.\nWet flue-gas desulphurisation (wet FGD)\nTechnique or combination of scrubbing techniques by which sulphur oxides are removed from flue-gases through various processes generally involving an alkaline sorbent for capturing gaseous SO2 and transforming it into solids. In the wet scrubbing process, gaseous compounds are dissolved in a suitable liquid (water or alkaline solution). Simultaneous removal of solid and gaseous compounds may be achieved. Downstream of the wet scrubber, the flue-gases are saturated with water and separation of the droplets is required before discharging the flue-gases. The liquid resulting from the wet scrubbing is sent to a waste water treatment plant and the insoluble matter is collected by sedimentation or filtration.\nWet scrubbing\nUse of a liquid, typically water or an aqueous solution, to capture the acidic compounds from the flue-gas by absorption.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2017/1442/annex/division/8/division/8.4",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:13:23.628050+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}