{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-2117/annex/division-1/division-1.2/division-1.2.1/division-BAT+4",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-2117/annex/division-1/division-1.2/division-1.2.1/division-BAT+4.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2017/2117",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/2117 of 21 November 2017 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for the production of large volume organic chemicals (notified under document C(2017) 7469) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2017-2117",
  "path": "annex/division/1/division/1.2/division/1.2.1/division/BAT+4",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "BAT 4:",
  "heading": "In order to reduce NOX emissions to air from process furnaces/heaters, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.",
  "text": "Technique\nDescription\nApplicability\na.\nChoice of fuel\nSee Section 12.3. This includes switching from liquid to gaseous fuels, taking into account the overall hydrocarbon balance\nThe switch from liquid to gaseous fuels may be restricted by the design of the burners in the case of existing plants\nb.\nStaged combustion\nStaged combustion burners achieve lower NOX emissions by staging the injection of either air or fuel in the near burner region. The division of fuel or air reduces the oxygen concentration in the primary burner combustion zone, thereby lowering the peak flame temperature and reducing thermal NOX formation\nApplicability may be restricted by space availability when upgrading small process furnaces, thus limiting the retrofit of fuel/air staging without reducing capacity\nFor existing EDC crackers, the applicability may be restricted by the design of the process furnace\nc.\nFlue-gas recirculation (external)\nRecirculation of part of the flue-gas to the combustion chamber to replace part of the fresh combustion air, with the effect of reducing the oxygen content and therefore cooling the temperature of the flame\nFor existing process furnaces/heaters, the applicability may be restricted by their design.\nNot applicable to existing EDC crackers\nd.\nFlue-gas recirculation (internal)\nRecirculation of part of the flue-gas within the combustion chamber to replace part of the fresh combustion air, with the effect of reducing the oxygen content and therefore reducing the temperature of the flame\nFor existing process furnaces/heaters, the applicability may be restricted by their design\ne.\nLow-NOX burner (LNB) or ultra-low-NOX burner (ULNB)\nSee Section 12.3\nFor existing process furnaces/heaters, the applicability may be restricted by their design\nf.\nUse of inert diluents\n‘Inert’ diluents, e.g. steam, water, nitrogen, are used (either by being premixed with the fuel prior to its combustion or directly injected into the combustion chamber) to reduce the temperature of the flame. Steam injection may increase CO emissions\nGenerally applicable\ng.\nSelective catalytic reduction (SCR)\nSee Section 12.1\nApplicability to existing process furnaces/heaters may be restricted by space availability\nh.\nSelective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)\nSee Section 12.1\nApplicability to existing process furnaces/heaters may be restricted by the temperature window (900–1 050 °C) and the residence time needed for the reaction.\nNot applicable to EDC crackers\nBAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs): See Table 2.1 and Table 10.1.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2017/2117/annex/division/1/division/1.2/division/1.2.1/division/BAT+4",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:13:18.480772+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}