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Division BAT 13

United Kingdom

Original text. Later amendments are not shown.

In order to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to reduce odour emissions and/or odour impact from a farm, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.

A description of the techniques is given in Sections 4.4 and 4.11.
Techniquef1 Applicability
aEnsure adequate distances between the farm/plant and the sensitive receptors.May not be generally applicable to existing farms/plants.
b

Use a housing system which implements one or a combination of the following principles:

  • keeping the animals and the surfaces dry and clean (e.g. avoid feed spillages, avoid dung in lying areas of partly slatted floors);

  • reducing the emitting surface of manure (e.g. use metal or plastic slats, channels with a reduced exposed manure surface);

  • removing manure frequently to an external (covered) manure store;

  • reducing the temperature of the manure (e.g. by slurry cooling) and of the indoor environment;

  • decreasing the air flow and velocity over the manure surface;

  • keeping the litter dry and under aerobic conditions in litter-based systems.

Decreasing the temperature of the indoor environment, the air flow and the velocity may not be applicable due to animal welfare considerations.

Slurry removal by flushing is not applicable to pig farms located close to sensitive receptors due to odour peaks.

See applicability for animal housing in BAT 30, BAT 31, BAT 32, BAT 33 and BAT 34.

c

Optimise the discharge conditions of exhaust air from the animal house by using one or a combination of the following techniques:

  • increasing the outlet height (e.g. exhaust air above roof level, stacks, divert air exhaust through the ridge instead of through the low part of the walls);

  • increasing the vertical outlet ventilation velocity;

  • effective placement of external barriers to create turbulence in the outgoing air flow (e.g. vegetation);

  • adding deflector covers in exhaust apertures located in low parts of walls in order to divert exhaust air towards the ground;

  • dispersing the exhaust air at the housing side which faces away from the sensitive receptor;

  • aligning the ridge axis of a naturally ventilated building transversally to the prevailing wind direction.

Alignment of the ridge axis is not applicable to existing plants.
d

Use an air cleaning system, such as:

  1. 1..

    Bioscrubber (or biotrickling filter);

  2. 2..

    Biofilter;

  3. 3..

    Two-stage or three-stage air cleaning system.

This technique may not be generally applicable due to the high implementation cost.

Applicable to existing plants only where a centralised ventilation system is used.

A biofilter is only applicable to slurry-based plants.

For a biofilter, a sufficient area outside the animal house is needed to accommodate the filter packages.

eUse one or a combination of the following techniques for storage of manure:

1.

Cover slurry or solid manure during storage;

See applicability of BAT 16.b for slurry.

See applicability of BAT 14.b for solid manure.

2.

Locate the store taking into account the general wind direction and/or adopt measures to reduce wind speed around and above the store (e.g. trees, natural barriers);

Generally applicable.

3.

Minimise stirring of slurry.

Generally applicable.
fProcess manure with one of the following techniques in order to minimise odour emissions during (or prior to) landspreading:

1.

Aerobic digestion (aeration) of slurry;

See applicability of BAT 19.d.

2.

Compost solid manure;

See applicability of BAT 19.f.

3.

Anaerobic digestion.

See applicability of BAT 19.b.
gUse one or a combination of the following techniques for manure landspreading:

1.

Band spreader, shallow injector or deep injector for slurry landspreading;

See applicability of BAT 21.b, BAT 21.c or BAT 21.d.

2.

Incorporate manure as soon as possible.

See applicability of BAT 22.

Annotations

Footnotes

f1

A description of the techniques is given in Sections 4.4 and 4.11.