Division 4.13.3 Techniques for reducing ammonia emissions from duck houses

United Kingdom

Technique	Description
Frequent litter addition (in case of solid floor with deep litter or deep litter combined with slatted floor).	Litter is maintained dry by frequent addition (e.g. daily) of fresh material upon necessity. Solid manure is removed at the end of the rearing cycle. The housing system can be equipped with natural or forced ventilation and combined with a free-range system. In case of deep litter combined with slatted floor, the floor is equipped with slats in the drinker area (about 25 % of the total floor area).
Frequent manure removal (in case of fully slatted floor).	Slats cover the pit where the manure is stored and evacuated to the external store. Frequent manure removal to an external store can be done: 1.. by permanent gravity flow; 2.. by scraping with variable frequencies. The housing system can be equipped with natural or forced ventilation and combined with a free-range system.

Technique

Description

Frequent litter addition (in case of solid floor with deep litter or deep litter combined with slatted floor).

Litter is maintained dry by frequent addition (e.g. daily) of fresh material upon necessity. Solid manure is removed at the end of the rearing cycle.

The housing system can be equipped with natural or forced ventilation and combined with a free-range system.

In case of deep litter combined with slatted floor, the floor is equipped with slats in the drinker area (about 25 % of the total floor area).

Frequent manure removal (in case of fully slatted floor).

Slats cover the pit where the manure is stored and evacuated to the external store. Frequent manure removal to an external store can be done:

The housing system can be equipped with natural or forced ventilation and combined with a free-range system.