Division Results of the econometric analysis
United Kingdom
Table 1
Regression analysis f1
| Standard errors are presented in parentheses: *** means that the coefficient is statistically significant at a 1 % level, ** means that it is statistically significant at a 5 % level and * means that it is statistically significant at a 10 % level. | ||
| Note: Prices are in RON/MWh | ||
| Source: Commission's regression analysis based on the data submitted by the Romanian authorities. | ||
| Dependent variable: Average price | Coefficient | Std error |
|---|---|---|
| Annual quantity (GWh) | – 0,01951** | 0,007878 |
| Year 2008 | 22,58369*** | 4,781887 |
| Year 2009 | 30,73545*** | 5,471158 |
| Year 2010 | 21,32171*** | 5,695673 |
| ALPIQ ROMENERGIE | – 2,34966 | 9,310078 |
| ALPIQ ROMINDUSTRIES | – 5,47044 | 9,975876 |
| ARCELORMITTAL GALATI | – 1,78779 | 14,62595 |
| AXPO ENERGY RO | 0,896041 | 10,40766 |
| CE HUNEDOARA | 38,02612*** | 11,41575 |
| CE OLTENIA | 27,86802*** | 9,458818 |
| CEZ VANZARE | 9,515878 | 11,40325 |
| EFT RO | 2,966594 | 18,83573 |
| ELECTRICA | 9,787691 | 11,04511 |
| ELECTROMAGNETICA | – 9,19285 | 9,553932 |
| ENEL ENERGIE MUNTENIA | 16,97181 | 12,529 |
| ENERGY HOLDING | – 34,5329*** | 9,620757 |
| ENERGY NETWORK | 36,58137*** | 12,47443 |
| EON ENERGIE | 3,589147 | 12,43953 |
| EURO-PEC | 0,511251 | 9,50637 |
| HIDROELECTRICA | – 30,3327** | 12,62379 |
| NUCLEARELECTRICA | – 9,804 | 18,78678 |
| OMV PETROM | 6,482914 | 18,79837 |
| RAAN | 33,0402** | 14,6577 |
| RENOVATIO TRADING | 29,5599 | 18,95553 |
| TINMAR IND | 0 | (omitted) |
| Constant | 160,5678*** | 8,50624 |
| Number of observations: 109 R-squared = 0,7426 Adjusted R-squared = 0,6691 | ||
The following tables show the results of the empirical analysis, which uses the regression analysis detailed in Table 1 in which, for each year, the most-downward-diverging contract (‘MDD’) is selected on the basis of the difference in price levels (in RON/MWh) between each contract's estimated price and its corresponding observed price. Tables 2-4 below show the differences between Hidroelectrica's contract prices for each of the years (i.e.: 2007-2010) vis-à-vis the ‘simulated’ benchmark prices for all the contracts under investigation.
For 2007, the MDD contract, that is to say the contract in the non-suspect dataset with the highest difference between the observed price and its corresponding estimated price, has a price difference estimated at […] RON/MWh. Two Hidroelectrica contracts have an observed price below their estimated price with a price difference larger than […] RON/MWh, namely the contracts with Electrocarbon and Elsid, with an observed price difference of approximately […] RON/MWh (see Table 2).
Table 2
Analysis of contracts from 2007
| Note: Prices are rounded up to the nearest RON/MWh. | |||||
| Source: Calculations based on the regression analysis and on the data submitted by the Romanian authorities. | |||||
| Name of customer | Name of supplier | Observed price | Benchmark price | Price difference (in absolute terms) | In line with benchmark indices |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD contract in the dataset | |||||
| AZOMURES SA | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 124 | […] | |
| Contracts under investigation | |||||
| Alro | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 72 | […] | Yes |
| Energy Holding | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 50 | […] | Yes |
| EFT | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 127 | […] | Yes |
| Electromagnetica | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 111 | […] | Yes |
| EURO-PEC | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 111 | […] | Yes |
| Luxten-Lighting | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 125 | […] | Yes |
| ELSID | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 126 | […] | No |
| Electrocarbon | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 126 | […] | No |
For 2008, the price difference in relation to the MDD contract is estimated at […] RON/MWh, and three Hidroelectrica contracts have a larger price difference, namely those with Luxten-Lighting, Electrocarbon and Elsid, with an observed price difference of approximately […] RON/MWh for Luxten-Lighting and […] RON/MWh for Electrocarbon and Elsid (see Table 3).
Table 3
Analysis of contracts from 2008
| Note: Prices are rounded up to the nearest RON/MWh. | |||||
| Source: Calculations based on the regression analysis and on the data submitted by the Romanian authorities. | |||||
| Name of customer | Name of supplier | Observed price | Benchmark price | Price difference (in absolute terms) | In line with benchmark indices |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD contract in the dataset | |||||
| PETROM SA | Energy Holding | […] | 147 | […] | |
| Contracts under investigation | |||||
| Alro | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 94 | […] | Yes |
| Electromagnetica | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 133 | […] | Yes |
| EFT | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 149 | […] | Yes |
| Energy Holding | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 73 | […] | Yes |
| EURO-PEC | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 133 | […] | Yes |
| Luxten-Lighting | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 147 | […] | No |
| ELSID | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 148 | […] | No |
| Electrocarbon | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 149 | […] | No |
For 2009, the MDD price difference is estimated at[…] RON/MWh and, again, three Hidroelectrica contracts have a larger price difference, namely those with Luxten-Lighting, Electrocarbon, and Elsid, with an observed price difference of approximately[…] RON/MWh for Luxten-Lighting and of[…] RON/MWh for Electrocarbon and Elsid (see Table 4).
Table 4
Analysis of contracts from 2009
| Note: Prices are rounded up to the nearest RON/MWh. | |||||
| Source: Calculations based on the regression analysis and on the data submitted by the Romanian authorities. | |||||
| Name of customer | Name of supplier | Observed price | Benchmark price | Price difference (in absolute terms) | In line with benchmark indices |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD contract in the dataset | |||||
| Ductil Steel SA | Alpiq RomEnergie | […] | 187 | […] | |
| Contracts under investigation | |||||
| Alro | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 102 | […] | Yes |
| EURO-PEC | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 142 | […] | Yes |
| Alpiq RomEnergie | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 126 | […] | Yes |
| Electromagnetica | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 142 | […] | Yes |
| Energy Holding | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 116 | […] | Yes |
| EFT | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 157 | […] | Yes |
| Luxten-Lighting | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 156 | […] | No |
| ELSID | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 157 | […] | No |
| Electrocarbon | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 157 | […] | No |
For 2010, the price difference in relation to the MDD contract is estimated at […] RON/MWh, and two Hidroelectrica contracts have a larger price difference, namely those with Electrocarbon and Elsid, with an observed price difference of approximately […] RON/MWh (see Table 5).
Table 5
Analysis of contracts from 2010
| Note: Prices are rounded up to the nearest RON/MWh. | |||||
| Source: Calculations based on the regression analysis and on the data submitted by the Romanian authorities. | |||||
| Name of customer | Name of supplier | Observed price | Benchmark price | Price difference (in absolute terms) | In line with benchmark indices |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD contract in the dataset | |||||
| SILCOTUB SA ZALAU | Energy Network | […] | 214 | […] | |
| Contracts under investigation | |||||
| ArcelorMittal Galati | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 118 | […] | Yes |
| Electrica | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 132 | […] | Yes |
| Energy Holding | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 107 | […] | Yes |
| Alpiq RomEnergie | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 116 | […] | Yes |
| Electromagnetica | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 132 | […] | Yes |
| EURO-PEC | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 144 | […] | Yes |
| Alro | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 93 | […] | Yes |
| Luxten-Lighting | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 146 | […] | Yes |
| EFT | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 148 | […] | Yes |
| ELSID | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 147 | […] | No |
| Electrocarbon | HIDROELECTRICA | […] | 148 | […] | No |
Annotations
Footnotes
- f1
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Standard errors are presented in parentheses: *** means that the coefficient is statistically significant at a 1 % level, ** means that it is statistically significant at a 5 % level and * means that it is statistically significant at a 10 % level.