Division 1.2 Monitoring

United Kingdom

BAT 6. For relevant emissions to water as identified by the inventory of waste water streams (see BAT 3), BAT is to monitor key process parameters (e.g. waste water flow, pH, temperature, conductivity, BOD) at key locations (e.g. at the inlet and/or outlet of the pretreatment, at the inlet to the final treatment, at the point where the emission leaves the installation).

BAT 7. BAT is to monitor emissions to water with at least the frequency given below, and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.

Substance/parameter	Standard(s)	Waste treatment process	Minimum monitoring frequency^f1 ^f2	Monitoring associated with
Monitoring frequencies may be reduced if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable.
In the case of batch discharge less frequent than the minimum monitoring frequency, monitoring is carried out once per batch.
The monitoring only applies when the substance concerned is identified as relevant in the waste water inventory mentioned in BAT 3.
In the case of an indirect discharge to a receiving water body, the monitoring frequency may be reduced if the downstream waste water treatment plant abates the pollutants concerned.
Either TOC or COD is monitored. TOC is the preferred option, because its monitoring does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds.
The monitoring applies only in the case of a direct discharge to a receiving water body.
Adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX)^f3 ^f4	EN ISO 9562	Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day	BAT 20
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX)	EN ISO 15680	Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every month
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)^f5 ^f6	No EN standard available	All waste treatments except treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every month
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)^f5 ^f6	No EN standard available	Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Free cyanide (CN^-)	Various EN standards available (i.e. EN ISO 14403-1 and -2)	Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Hydrocarbon oil index (HOI)	EN ISO 9377-2	Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste	Once every month
		Treatment of WEEE containing VFCs and/or VHCs
		Re-refining of waste oil
		Physico-chemical treatment of waste with calorific value
		Water washing of excavated contaminated soil
		Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn)	Various EN standards available (e.g. EN ISO 11885, EN ISO 17294-2, EN ISO 15586)	Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste	Once every month
		Treatment of WEEE containing VFCs and/or VHCs
		Mechanical biological treatment of waste
		Re-refining of waste oil
		Physico-chemical treatment of waste with calorific value
		Physico-chemical treatment of solid and/or pasty waste
		Regeneration of spent solvents
		Water washing of excavated contaminated soil
		Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Manganese (Mn)		Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))	Various EN standards available (i.e. EN ISO 10304-3, EN ISO 23913)	Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Mercury (Hg)	Various EN standards available (i.e. EN ISO 17852, EN ISO 12846)	Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste	Once every month
		Treatment of WEEE containing VFCs and/or VHCs
		Mechanical biological treatment of waste
		Re-refining of waste oil
		Physico-chemical treatment of waste with calorific value
		Physico-chemical treatment of solid and/or pasty waste
		Regeneration of spent solvents
		Water washing of excavated contaminated soil
		Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
PFOA	No EN standard available	All waste treatments	Once every six months
PFOS	No EN standard available	All waste treatments	Once every six months
Phenol index	EN ISO 14402	Re-refining of waste oil	Once every month
		Physico-chemical treatment of waste with calorific value	Once every month
		Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Total nitrogen (Total N)	EN 12260, EN ISO 11905-1	Biological treatment of waste	Once every month
		Re-refining of waste oil	Once every month
		Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Total organic carbon (TOC)	EN 1484	All waste treatments except treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every month
Total organic carbon (TOC)	EN 1484	Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Total phosphorus (Total P)	Various EN standards available (i.e. EN ISO 15681-1 and -2, EN ISO 6878, EN ISO 11885)	Biological treatment of waste	Once every month
Total phosphorus (Total P)		Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day
Total suspended solids (TSS)	EN 872	All waste treatments except treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every month
Total suspended solids (TSS)	EN 872	Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every day

BAT 8. BAT is to monitor channelled emissions to air with at least the frequency given below, and in accordance with EN standards. If EN standards are not available, BAT is to use ISO, national or other international standards that ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality.

Substance/Parameter	Standard(s)	Waste treatment process	Minimum monitoring frequency^f7	Monitoring associated with
Monitoring frequencies may be reduced if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable.
The monitoring only applies when the substance concerned is identified as relevant in the waste gas stream based on the inventory mentioned in BAT 3.
Instead of EN 1948-1, sampling may also be carried out according to CEN/TS 1948-5.
The odour concentration may be monitored instead.
The monitoring of NH₃ and H₂S can be used as an alternative to the monitoring of the odour concentration.
The monitoring only applies when solvent is used for cleaning the contaminated equipment.
Brominated flame retardants^f8	No EN standard available	Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste	Once every year	BAT 25
CFCs	No EN standard available	Treatment of WEEE containing VFCs and/or VHCs	Once every six months	BAT 29
Dioxin-like PCBs	EN 1948-1, -2, and -4^f9	Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste	Once every year	BAT 25
Dioxin-like PCBs	EN 1948-1, -2, and -4^f9	Decontamination of equipment containing PCBs	Once every three months	BAT 51
Dust	EN 13284-1	Mechanical treatment of waste	Once every six months	BAT 25
		Mechanical biological treatment of waste		BAT 34
		Physico-chemical treatment of solid and/or pasty waste		BAT 41
		Thermal treatment of spent activated carbon, waste catalysts and excavated contaminated soil		BAT 49
		Water washing of excavated contaminated soil		BAT 50
HCl	EN 1911	Thermal treatment of spent activated carbon, waste catalysts and excavated contaminated soil	Once every six months	BAT 49
HCl	EN 1911	Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every six months	BAT 53
HF	No EN standard available	Thermal treatment of spent activated carbon, waste catalysts and excavated contaminated soil	Once every six months	BAT 49
Hg	EN 13211	Treatment of WEEE containing mercury	Once every three months	BAT 32
H₂S	No EN standard available	Biological treatment of waste^f10	Once every six months	BAT 34
Metals and metalloids except mercury (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V)	EN 14385	Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste	Once every year	BAT 25
NH₃	No EN standard available	Biological treatment of waste	Once every six months	BAT 34
		Physico-chemical treatment of solid and/or pasty waste	Once every six months	BAT 41
		Treatment of water-based liquid waste	Once every six months	BAT 53
Odour concentration	EN 13725	Biological treatment of waste^f11	Once every six months	BAT 34
PCDD/F	EN 1948-1, -2 and -3	Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste	Once every year	BAT 25
TVOC	EN 12619	Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste	Once every six months	BAT 25
		Treatment of WEEE containing VFCs and/or VHCs	Once every six months	BAT 29
		Mechanical treatment of waste with calorific value	Once every six months	BAT 31
		Mechanical biological treatment of waste	Once every six months	BAT 34
		Physico-chemical treatment of solid and/or pasty waste	Once every six months	BAT 41
		Re-refining of waste oil		BAT 44
		Physico-chemical treatment of waste with calorific value		BAT 45
		Regeneration of spent solvents		BAT 47
		Thermal treatment of spent activated carbon, waste catalysts and excavated contaminated soil		BAT 49
		Water washing of excavated contaminated soil		BAT 50
		Treatment of water-based liquid waste		BAT 53
		Decontamination of equipment containing PCBs^f12	Once every three months	BAT 51

BAT 9. BAT is to monitor diffuse emissions of organic compounds to air from the regeneration of spent solvents, the decontamination of equipment containing POPs with solvents, and the physico-chemical treatment of solvents for the recovery of their calorific value, at least once per year using one or a combination of the techniques given below.

Technique		Description
a	Measurement	Sniffing methods, optical gas imaging, solar occultation flux or differential absorption. See descriptions in Section 6.2.
b	Emissions factors	Calculation of emissions based on emissions factors, periodically validated (e.g. once every two years) by measurements.
c	Mass balance	Calculation of diffuse emissions using a mass balance considering the solvent input, channelled emissions to air, emissions to water, the solvent in the process output, and process (e.g. distillation) residues.

BAT 10. BAT is to periodically monitor odour emissions.

BAT 11. BAT is to monitor the annual consumption of water, energy and raw materials as well as the annual generation of residues and waste water, with a frequency of at least once per year.

Annotations

Footnotes

f1: Monitoring frequencies may be reduced if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable.
f2: In the case of batch discharge less frequent than the minimum monitoring frequency, monitoring is carried out once per batch.
f3: The monitoring only applies when the substance concerned is identified as relevant in the waste water inventory mentioned in BAT 3.
f4: In the case of an indirect discharge to a receiving water body, the monitoring frequency may be reduced if the downstream waste water treatment plant abates the pollutants concerned.
f5: Either TOC or COD is monitored. TOC is the preferred option, because its monitoring does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds.
f6: The monitoring applies only in the case of a direct discharge to a receiving water body.
f7: Monitoring frequencies may be reduced if the emission levels are proven to be sufficiently stable.
f8: The monitoring only applies when the substance concerned is identified as relevant in the waste gas stream based on the inventory mentioned in BAT 3.
f9: Instead of EN 1948-1, sampling may also be carried out according to CEN/TS 1948-5.
f10: The odour concentration may be monitored instead.
f11: The monitoring of NH₃ and H₂S can be used as an alternative to the monitoring of the odour concentration.
f12: The monitoring only applies when solvent is used for cleaning the contaminated equipment.