Division DEFINITIONS

United Kingdom

For the purposes of these BAT conclusions, the following definitions apply:

Term used	Definition
Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3).
Commission Regulation (EC) No 199/2006 of 3 February 2006 amending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (OJ L 32, 4.2.2006, p. 34).
General terms
Channelled emissions	Emissions of pollutants into the environment through any kind of duct, pipe, stack, etc. This also includes emissions from open-top biofilters.
Continuous measurement	Measurement using an ‘automated measuring system’ permanently installed on site.
Declaration of cleanliness	Written document provided by the waste producer/holder certifying that the empty waste packaging concerned (e.g. drums, containers) is clean with respect to the acceptance criteria.
Diffuse emissions	Non-channelled emissions (e.g. of dust, organic compounds, odour) which can result from ‘area’ sources (e.g. tanks) or ‘point’ sources (e.g. pipe flanges). This also includes emissions from open-air windrow composting.
Direct discharge	Discharge to a receiving water body without further downstream waste water treatment.
Emissions factors	Numbers that can be multiplied by known data such as plant/process data or throughput data to estimate emissions.
Existing plant	A plant that is not a new plant.
Flaring	High-temperature oxidation to burn combustible compounds of waste gases from industrial operations with an open flame. Flaring is primarily used for burning off flammable gas for safety reasons or during non-routine operating conditions.
Fly ashes	Particles from the combustion chamber or formed within the flue-gas stream, that are transported in the flue-gas.
Fugitive emissions	Diffuse emissions from ‘point’ sources.
Hazardous waste	Hazardous waste as defined in point 2 of Article 3 of Directive 2008/98/EC.
Indirect discharge	Discharge which is not a direct discharge.
Liquid biodegradable waste	Waste of biological origin with a relatively high water content (e.g. fat separator contents, organic sludges, catering waste).
Major plant upgrade	A major change in the design or technology of a plant with major adjustments or replacements of the process and/or abatement technique(s) and associated equipment.
Mechanical biological treatment (MBT)	Treatment of mixed solid waste combining mechanical treatment with biological treatment such as aerobic or anaerobic treatment.
New plant	A plant first permitted at the site of the installation following the publication of these BAT conclusions or a complete replacement of a plant following the publication of these BAT conclusions.
Output	The treated waste exiting the waste treatment plant.
Pasty waste	Sludge which is not free-flowing.
Periodic measurement	Measurement at specified time intervals using manual or automated methods.
Recovery	Recovery as defined in Article 3(15) of Directive 2008/98/EC.
Re-refining	Treatments carried out on waste oil to transform it to base oil.
Regeneration	Treatments and processes mainly designed to make the treated materials (e.g. spent activated carbon or spent solvent) suitable again for a similar use.
Sensitive receptor	Area which needs special protection, such as: residential areas; areas where human activities are carried out (e.g. neighbouring workplaces, schools, daycare centres, recreational areas, hospitals or nursing homes).
Surface impoundment	Placement of liquid or sludgy discards into pits, ponds, lagoons, etc.
Treatment of waste with calorific value	Treatment of waste wood, waste oil, waste plastics, waste solvents, etc. to obtain a fuel or to allow a better recovery of its calorific value.
VFCs	Volatile (hydro)fluorocarbons: VOCs consisting of fluorinated (hydro)carbons, in particular chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
VHCs	Volatile hydrocarbons: VOCs consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon (e.g. ethane, propane, iso-butane, cyclopentane).
VOC	Volatile organic compound as defined in Article 3(45) of Directive 2010/75/EU.
Waste holder	Waste holder as defined in Article 3(6) of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council^f1.
Waste input	The incoming waste to be treated in the waste treatment plant.
Water-based liquid waste	Waste consisting of aqueous liquids, acids/alkalis or pumpable sludges (e.g. emulsions, waste acids, aqueous marine waste) which is not liquid biodegradable waste.
Pollutants/parameters
AOX	Adsorbable organically bound halogens, expressed as Cl, include adsorbable organically bound chlorine, bromine and iodine.
Arsenic	Arsenic, expressed as As, includes all inorganic and organic arsenic compounds, dissolved or bound to particles.
BOD	Biochemical oxygen demand. Amount of oxygen needed for the biochemical oxidation of organic and/or inorganic matter in five (BOD₅) or in seven (BOD₇) days.
Cadmium	Cadmium, expressed as Cd, includes all inorganic and organic cadmium compounds, dissolved or bound to particles.
CFCs	Chlorofluorocarbons: VOCs consisting of carbon, chlorine and fluorine.
Chromium	Chromium, expressed as Cr, includes all inorganic and organic chromium compounds, dissolved or bound to particles.
Hexavalent chromium	Hexavalent chromium, expressed as Cr(VI), includes all chromium compounds where the chromium is in the oxidation state +6.
COD	Chemical oxygen demand. Amount of oxygen needed for the total chemical oxidation of the organic matter to carbon dioxide. COD is an indicator for the mass concentration of organic compounds.
Copper	Copper, expressed as Cu, includes all inorganic and organic copper compounds, dissolved or bound to particles.
Cyanide	Free cyanide, expressed as CN^-.
Dust	Total particulate matter (in air).
HOI	Hydrocarbon oil index. The sum of compounds extractable with a hydrocarbon solvent (including long-chain or branched aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons).
HCl	All inorganic gaseous chlorine compounds, expressed as HCl.
HF	All inorganic gaseous fluorine compounds, expressed as HF.
H₂S	Hydrogen sulphide. Carbonyl sulphide and mercaptans are not included.
Lead	Lead, expressed as Pb, includes all inorganic and organic lead compounds, dissolved or bound to particles.
Mercury	Mercury, expressed as Hg, includes elementary mercury and all inorganic and organic mercury compounds, gaseous, dissolved or bound to particles.
NH₃	Ammonia.
Nickel	Nickel, expressed as Ni, includes all inorganic and organic nickel compounds, dissolved or bound to particles.
Odour concentration	Number of European Odour Units (ou_E) in one cubic metre at standard conditions measured by dynamic olfactometry according to EN 13725.
PCB	Polychlorinated biphenyl.
Dioxin-like PCBs	Polychlorinated biphenyls as listed in Commission Regulation (EC) No 199/2006^f2.
PCDD/F	Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan(s).
PFOA	Perfluorooctanoic acid.
PFOS	Perfluorooctanesulphonic acid.
Phenol index	The sum of phenolic compounds, expressed as phenol concentration and measured according to EN ISO 14402.
TOC	Total organic carbon, expressed as C (in water), includes all organic compounds.
Total N	Total nitrogen, expressed as N, includes free ammonia and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO₂-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) and organically bound nitrogen.
Total P	Total phosphorus, expressed as P, includes all inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds, dissolved or bound to particles
TSS	Total suspended solids. Mass concentration of all suspended solids (in water), measured via filtration through glass fibre filters and gravimetry.
TVOC	Total volatile organic carbon, expressed as C (in air).
Zinc	Zinc, expressed as Zn, includes all inorganic and organic zinc compounds, dissolved or bound to particles.

For the purposes of these BAT conclusions, the following acronyms apply:

Acronym	Definition
Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles (OJ L 269, 21.10.2000, p. 34).
Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on persistent organic pollutants and amending Directive 79/117/EEC (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 7).
Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) (OJ L 197, 24.7.2012, p. 38).
EMS	Environmental management system
EoLVs	End-of-life vehicles (as defined in Article 2(2) of Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council^f3)
HEPA	High-efficiency particle air (filter)
IBC	Intermediate bulk container
LDAR	Leak detection and repair
LEV	Local exhaust ventilation system
POP	Persistent organic pollutant (as listed in Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council^f4)
WEEE	Waste electrical and electronic equipment (as defined in Article 3(1) of Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council^f5)

Annotations

Footnotes

f1: Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3).
f2: Commission Regulation (EC) No 199/2006 of 3 February 2006 amending Regulation (EC) No 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs as regards dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (OJ L 32, 4.2.2006, p. 34).
f3: Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles (OJ L 269, 21.10.2000, p. 34).
f4: Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on persistent organic pollutants and amending Directive 79/117/EEC (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 7).
f5: Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) (OJ L 197, 24.7.2012, p. 38).