{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2018-1994/introduction",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2018-1994/introduction.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2018/1994",
  "legislation_title": "Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1994 of 11 December 2018 authorising Croatia to introduce a special measure derogating from point (a) of Article 26(1) and Article 168 of Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2018-1994",
  "path": "introduction",
  "kind": "introduction",
  "number": null,
  "heading": "Introductory text",
  "text": "Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1994\nof 11 December 2018\nauthorising Croatia to introduce a special measure derogating from point (a) of Article 26(1) and Article 168 of Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,\nHaving regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,\nHaving regard to Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax, and in particular Article 395(1) thereof,\nHaving regard to the proposal from the European Commission,\nWhereas:\n(1)\nArticle 168 of Directive 2006/112/EC establishes a taxable person's right to deduct value added tax (VAT) charged on supplies of goods and services received by that person for the use of that person's taxed transactions. Point (a) of Article 26(1) of that Directive contains a requirement to account for VAT when a business asset is put to use for private purposes of the taxable person or his staff or, more generally, for purposes other than those of his business.\n(2)\nBy letter registered with the Commission on 22 December 2016, Croatia requested authorisation to apply a special measure derogating from the provisions of Directive 2006/112/EC governing the right to deduct input tax in relation to the purchase and leasing of aircrafts, vessels and personal cars, including the purchase of accessories for such goods as well as services supplied in relation thereto. After a number of discussions with the Commission, Croatia submitted a modified request limited to passenger cars, which was registered with the Commission on 17 September 2018.\n(3)\nThe Commission transmitted the request of Croatia to other Member States by letter dated 21 September 2018. By letter dated 24 September 2018, the Commission notified Croatia that it had all the information it considered necessary for the appraisal of the request.\n(4)\nTaxable persons in Croatia cannot deduct VAT related to passenger cars used partially for business purposes. Croatia intends to modify its legislation and allow the deduction of input VAT relating to passenger cars.\n(5)\nCroatia claims that it is often difficult to accurately determine the extent to which cars are used for private or professional purposes and that, even where it is possible, this is often burdensome. Croatia therefore considers that it would be appropriate to apply the fixed percentage for the VAT deduction. Based on estimations, Croatia submits that the 50 % limit is appropriate.\n(6)\nAccording to Croatia, the application of the fixed percentage limit for the VAT deduction will not result in an additional administrative burden or additional costs for businesses or tax authorities, while the VAT deduction will be possible. The introduction of the VAT deduction will reduce the interest of taxpayers to procure goods and services related to passenger cars from persons performing a non-registered activity.\n(7)\nCroatia therefore requested authorisation, based on Article 395 of Directive 2006/112/EC, to apply a special measure derogating from point (a) of Article 26(1) and Article 168 of that Directive in order to limit the right of deduction on passenger cars to a set percentage (‘the special measure’).\n(8)\nThe restriction on the right of deduction should apply to VAT paid on the purchase and lease of personal cars, including the purchase of all goods and services supplied in relation thereto. Passenger cars covered are considered to be motor vehicles intended for the transport of persons with a maximum of eight seats in addition to the driver's seat.\n(9)\nThe special measure is designed to simplify the procedure for charging tax and to counter VAT evasion while allowing the deduction of VAT on passengers cars used partially for business purposes. Given the potential positive impact for both businesses and administrations, it is appropriate to grant the special measure.\n(10)\nThe special measure should apply from 1 January 2019 and should be limited in time to 31 December 2021, so that it can be assessed whether the 50 % restriction is a correct reflection of the overall apportionment between business and private use.\n(11)\nIn the event that Croatia considers that an extension of the special measure beyond 2021 is necessary, it should, by 31 March 2021, submit to the Commission a request for an extension accompanied by a report that includes a review of the percentage applied.\n(12)\nThe special measure will have only a negligible effect on the overall amount of tax revenue collected at the stage of final consumption and will have no adverse impact on the Union's own resources accruing from VAT,\nHAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "OJ L 347, 11.12.2006, p. 1."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2018/1994/introduction",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:12:54.356545+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}