{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2018-2027/introduction",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2018-2027/introduction.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2018/2027",
  "legislation_title": "Council Decision (EU) 2018/2027 of 29 November 2018 on the position to be taken on behalf of the European Union within the International Civil Aviation Organization in respect of the First Edition of the International Standards and Recommended Practices on Environmental Protection — Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2018-2027",
  "path": "introduction",
  "kind": "introduction",
  "number": null,
  "heading": "Introductory text",
  "text": "Council Decision (EU) 2018/2027\nof 29 November 2018\non the position to be taken on behalf of the European Union within the International Civil Aviation Organization in respect of the First Edition of the International Standards and Recommended Practices on Environmental Protection — Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)\nTHE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,\nHaving regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 192(1), in conjunction with Article 218(9) thereof,\nHaving regard to the proposal from the European Commission,\nWhereas:\n(1)\nThe Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation (‘the Convention’), which aims to regulate international air transport, entered into force on 4 April 1947. It established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).\n(2)\nThe Member States of the Union are contracting States to the Convention and members of the ICAO, whereas the Union has observer status in certain ICAO bodies.\n(3)\nPursuant to Article 54 of the Convention, the ICAO Council is to adopt international standards and recommended practices.\n(4)\nThe 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was successfully concluded in December 2015 with the adoption of the Paris Agreement. The objective of the Paris Agreement is to limit the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1,5 °C above those levels. All sectors of the economy should contribute to achieving these emission reductions, including international aviation.\n(5)\nIn 2016 the 39th ICAO General Assembly decided, by means of Resolution A39-3, to develop a global market-based mechanism to limit greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation at their 2020 levels. The Union position in that regard was established by Council Decision (EU) 2016/915.\n(6)\nOn 27 June 2018, at the 10th meeting of its 214th session, the ICAO Council adopted the First Edition of Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Convention: the International Standards and Recommended Practices on Environmental Protection – Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA).\n(7)\nThe rules contained in CORSIA are liable to become binding in accordance with, and within the limits set out in, the Convention. They are also liable to become binding upon the Union and its Member States under existing international air transport agreements.\n(8)\nIn accordance with Article 90 of the Convention, unless a majority of the contracting States register their disapproval, CORSIA will become effective three months after the deadline for registering disapproval.\n(9)\nArticle 38 of the Convention covers departures from international standards and procedures. In accordance with that Article, any contracting State which finds it impracticable to comply in all respects with any such international standard or procedure, or to bring its own regulations or practices into full accord with any international standard or procedure after amendment of the latter, or which deems it necessary to adopt regulations or practices differing in any particular respect from those established by an international standard, needs to give immediate notification to the ICAO of the differences between its own practice and that established by the international standard.\n(10)\nOn 20 July 2018 the ICAO sent out State Letter AN 1/17.14 – 18/78 (‘the State Letter’), requesting the contracting States to, first, notify any disapproval of any part of CORSIA before 22 October 2018 and, second, notify any differences between their national practices and CORSIA and the expected date for compliance before 1 December 2018.\n(11)\nCORSIA is to become applicable to an aeroplane operator producing annual CO2 emissions greater than 10 000 tonnes from international flights conducted by aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass greater than 5 700 kg, with the exception of humanitarian, medical and firefighting flights.\n(12)\nMonitoring, reporting and verification (‘MRV’) requirements set out in CORSIA are to become applicable as from 1 January 2019.\n(13)\nFrom 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2035, the offsetting requirements of CORSIA are to become applicable to an aeroplane operator conducting international flights (as defined in point 1.1.2 of Chapter 1 of Part II and point 2.1 of Chapter 2 of Part II) between contracting States referred to in the forthcoming ICAO document entitled ‘CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs’.\n(14)\nIt is appropriate to establish the position to be taken on the Union's behalf in reply to the State Letter. This is because CORSIA will be capable of decisively influencing the content of Union law, in particular Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.\n(15)\nGiven that CORSIA would allow significant progress to be achieved at international level, no disapproval should be notified under Article 90 of the Convention.\n(16)\nThe Union fully supports the efforts undertaken within the ICAO to make CORSIA operational as soon as possible. In accordance with Directive 2003/87/EC, the Commission is in the process of translating the CORSIA MRV requirements into Union acts with expected entry into force by January 2019. Moreover, the Commission is to present to the European Parliament and to the Council a report which considers ways for those instruments to be implemented in Union law. The time limit within which possible differences have to be notified according to the State Letter is too short for any adaptations to CORSIA to be adopted by the Union within that limit. Therefore, in order for the ICAO to take full account of the current legal situation at Union level as well as work initiated in the area of MRV, Member States should, in reply to the State Letter, notify differences in accordance with the addendum to this Decision.\n(17)\nArticle 28b(2) and (3) of Directive 2003/87/EC covers the follow-up to be carried out with regard to the outcome of work at ICAO level. It is appropriate to inform the ICAO about the terms of those provisions.\n(18)\nThe Union's position is to be expressed by the Member States of the Union that are members of the ICAO,\nHAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "Council Decision (EU) 2016/915 of 30 May 2016 on the position to be taken on behalf of the European Union with regard to the international instrument to be drawn up within the ICAO bodies and intended to lead to the implementation from 2020 of a single global market-based measure for international aviation emissions (OJ L 153, 10.6.2016, p. 32)."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32)."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2018/2027/introduction",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:12:53.575987+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}