{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2019-2010/annex/division-1/division-1.7",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2019-2010/annex/division-1/division-1.7.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2019/2010",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2010 of 12 November 2019 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for waste incineration (notified under document C(2019) 7987) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2019-2010",
  "path": "annex/division/1/division/1.7",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "1.7",
  "heading": "Material efficiency",
  "text": "BAT 35. In order to increase resource efficiency, BAT is to handle and treat bottom ashes separately from FGC residues.\nBAT 36. In order to increase resource efficiency for the treatment of slags and bottom ashes, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below based on a risk assessment depending on the hazardous properties of the slags and bottom ashes.\nTechnique\nDescription\nApplicability\n(a)\nScreening and sieving\nOscillating screens, vibrating screens and rotary screens are used for an initial classification of the bottom ashes by size before further treatment.\nGenerally applicable.\n(b)\nCrushing\nMechanical treatment operations intended to prepare materials for the recovery of metals or for the subsequent use of those materials, e.g. in road and earthworks construction.\nGenerally applicable.\n(c)\nAeraulic separation\nAeraulic separation is used to sort the light, unburnt fractions commingled in the bottom ashes by blowing off light fragments.\nA vibrating table is used to transport the bottom ashes to a chute, where the material falls through an air stream that blows uncombusted light materials, such as wood, paper or plastic, onto a removal belt or into a container, so that they can be returned to incineration.\nGenerally applicable.\n(d)\nRecovery of ferrous and non-ferrous metals\nDifferent techniques are used, including:\nmagnetic separation for ferrous metals;\neddy current separation for non-ferrous metals;\ninduction all-metal separation.\nGenerally applicable.\n(e)\nAgeing\nThe ageing process stabilises the mineral fraction of the bottom ashes by uptake of atmospheric CO2 (carbonation), draining of excess water and oxidation.\nBottom ashes, after the recovery of metals, are stored in the open air or in covered buildings for several weeks, generally on an impermeable floor allowing for drainage and run-off water to be collected for treatment.\nThe stockpiles may be wetted to optimise the moisture content to favour the leaching of salts and the carbonation process. The wetting of bottom ashes also helps prevent dust emissions.\nGenerally applicable.\n(f)\nWashing\nThe washing of bottom ashes enables the production of a material for recycling with minimal leachability of soluble substances (e.g. salts).\nGenerally applicable.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2019/2010/annex/division/1/division/1.7",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:12:29.772187+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}