{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2019-2031/annex/division-1/division-1.7/division-2",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2019-2031/annex/division-1/division-1.7/division-2.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2019/2031",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 of 12 November 2019 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2019) 7989) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2019-2031",
  "path": "annex/division/1/division/1.7/division/2",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": null,
  "heading": "Applicability",
  "text": "For existing plants, the technique may not be applicable due to lack of space and/or due to the layout of the waste water collection system.\nBAT 12. In order to reduce emissions to water, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below.\nThe descriptions of the techniques are given in Section 14.1.\nTechnique\nTypical pollutants targeted\nApplicability\nPreliminary, primary and general treatment\n(a)\nEqualisation\nAll pollutants\nGenerally applicable.\n(b)\nNeutralisation\nAcids, alkalis\n(c)\nPhysical separation, e.g. screens, sieves, grit separators, oil/fat separators, or primary settlement tanks\nGross solids, suspended solids, oil/grease\nAerobic and/or anaerobic treatment (secondary treatment)\n(d)\nAerobic and/or anaerobic treatment (secondary treatment), e.g. activated sludge process, aerobic lagoon, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process, anaerobic contact process, membrane bioreactor\nBiodegradable organic compounds\nGenerally applicable.\nNitrogen removal\n(e)\nNitrification and/or denitrification\nTotal nitrogen, ammonium/ammonia\nNitrification may not be applicable in the case of high chloride concentrations (e.g. above 10 g/l).\nNitrification may not be applicable when the temperature of the waste water is low (e.g. below 12 °C).\n(f)\nPartial nitritation — Anaerobic ammonium oxidation\nMay not be applicable when the temperature of the waste water is low.\nPhosphorus recovery and/or removal\n(g)\nPhosphorus recovery as struvite\nTotal phosphorus\nOnly applicable to waste water streams with a high total phosphorus content (e.g. above 50 mg/l) and a significant flow.\n(h)\nPrecipitation\nGenerally applicable.\n(i)\nEnhanced biological phosphorus removal\nFinal solids removal\n(j)\nCoagulation and flocculation\nSuspended solids\nGenerally applicable.\n(k)\nSedimentation\n(l)\nFiltration (e.g. sand filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration)\n(m)\nFlotation\nThe BAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for emissions to water given in Table 1 apply to direct emissions to a receiving water body.\nThe BAT-AELs apply at the point where the emission leaves the installation.\nTable 1\nBAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for direct emissions to a receiving water body\nThe BAT-AELs do not apply to emissions from grain milling, green fodder processing, and the production of dry pet food and compound feed.\nThe BAT-AELs may not apply to the production of citric acid or yeast.\nNo BAT-AEL applies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). As an indication, the yearly average BOD5 level in the effluent from a biological waste water treatment plant will generally be ≤ 20 mg/l.\nThe BAT-AEL for COD may be replaced by a BAT-AEL for TOC. The correlation between COD and TOC is determined on a case-by-case basis. The BAT-AEL for TOC is the preferred option because TOC monitoring does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds.\nThe upper end of the range is:\n125 mg/l for dairies;\n120 mg/l for fruit and vegetable installations;\n200 mg/l for oilseed processing and vegetable oil refining installations;\n185 mg/l for starch production installations;\n155 mg/l for sugar manufacturing installations;\nas daily averages only if the abatement efficiency is ≥ 95 % as a yearly average or as an average over the production period.\nThe lower end of the range is typically achieved when using filtration (e.g. sand filtration, microfiltration, membrane bioreactor), while the upper end of the range is typically achieved when using sedimentation only.\nThe upper end of the range is 30 mg/l as a daily average only if the abatement efficiency is ≥ 80 % as a yearly average or as an average over the production period.\nThe BAT-AEL may not apply when the temperature of the waste water is low (e.g. below 12 °C) for prolonged periods.\nThe upper end of the range is:\n4 mg/l for dairies and starch installations producing modified and/or hydrolysed starch;\n5 mg/l for fruit and vegetable installations;\n10 mg/l for oilseed processing and vegetable oil refining installations carrying out soap-stock splitting;\nas daily averages only if the abatement efficiency is ≥ 95 % as a yearly average or as an average over the production period.\nParameter\nBAT-AEL (daily average)\nChemical oxygen demand (COD)\n25-100 mg/l\nTotal suspended solids (TSS)\n4-50 mg/l\nTotal nitrogen (TN)\n2-20 mg/l\nTotal phosphorus (TP)\n0,2-2 mg/l\nThe associated monitoring is given in BAT 4.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "The descriptions of the techniques are given in Section 14.1."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "The BAT-AELs do not apply to emissions from grain milling, green fodder processing, and the production of dry pet food and compound feed."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f3",
      "text": "The BAT-AELs may not apply to the production of citric acid or yeast."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f4",
      "text": "No BAT-AEL applies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). As an indication, the yearly average BOD5 level in the effluent from a biological waste water treatment plant will generally be ≤ 20 mg/l."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f5",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL for COD may be replaced by a BAT-AEL for TOC. The correlation between COD and TOC is determined on a case-by-case basis. The BAT-AEL for TOC is the preferred option because TOC monitoring does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f6",
      "text": "The upper end of the range is: 125 mg/l for dairies; 120 mg/l for fruit and vegetable installations; 200 mg/l for oilseed processing and vegetable oil refining installations; 185 mg/l for starch production installations; 155 mg/l for sugar manufacturing installations; as daily averages only if the abatement efficiency is ≥ 95 % as a yearly average or as an average over the production period."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f7",
      "text": "The lower end of the range is typically achieved when using filtration (e.g. sand filtration, microfiltration, membrane bioreactor), while the upper end of the range is typically achieved when using sedimentation only."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f8",
      "text": "The upper end of the range is 30 mg/l as a daily average only if the abatement efficiency is ≥ 80 % as a yearly average or as an average over the production period."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f9",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL may not apply when the temperature of the waste water is low (e.g. below 12 °C) for prolonged periods."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f10",
      "text": "The upper end of the range is: 4 mg/l for dairies and starch installations producing modified and/or hydrolysed starch; 5 mg/l for fruit and vegetable installations; 10 mg/l for oilseed processing and vegetable oil refining installations carrying out soap-stock splitting; as daily averages only if the abatement efficiency is ≥ 95 % as a yearly average or as an average over the production period."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2019/2031/annex/division/1/division/1.7/division/2",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:12:29.565207+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}