{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2020-2009/annex/division-1/division-1.1/division-1.1.14/division-BAT",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2020-2009/annex/division-1/division-1.1/division-1.1.14/division-BAT.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2020/2009",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/2009 of 22 June 2020 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for surface treatment using organic solvents including preservation of wood and wood products with chemicals (notified under document C(2020) 4050) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2020-2009",
  "path": "annex/division/1/division/1.1/division/1.1.14/division/BAT",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "BAT 21",
  "heading": "In order to reduce emissions to water and/or to facilitate water reuse and recycling from aqueous processes (e.g. degreasing, cleaning, surface treatment, wet scrubbing), BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below.",
  "text": "Techniques\nDescription\nTypical pollutants targeted\nPreliminary, primary and general treatment\n(a)\nEqualisation\nBalancing of flows and pollutant loads by using tanks or other management techniques.\nAll pollutants.\n(b)\nNeutralisation\nThe adjustment of the pH of waste water to a neutral value (approximately 7).\nAcids, alkalis.\n(c)\nPhysical separation, for example, by using screens, sieves, grit separators, primary settlement tanks and magnetic separation\nGross solids, suspended solids, metal particles.\nPhysico-chemical treatment\n(d)\nAdsorption\nThe removal of soluble substances (solutes) from the waste water by transferring them to the surface of solid, highly porous particles (typically activated carbon).\nAdsorbable dissolved non-biodegradable or inhibitory pollutants, e.g. AOX.\n(e)\nVacuum distillation\nThe removal of pollutants by thermal waste water treatment under reduced pressure.\nDissolved non-biodegradable or inhibitory pollutants that can be distilled, e.g. some solvents.\n(f)\nPrecipitation\nThe conversion of dissolved pollutants into insoluble compounds by adding precipitants. The solid precipitates formed are subsequently separated by sedimentation, flotation or filtration.\nPrecipitable dissolved non-biodegradable or inhibitory pollutants, e.g. metals.\n(g)\nChemical reduction\nChemical reduction is the conversion of pollutants by chemical reducing agents into similar but less harmful or hazardous compounds.\nReducible dissolved non-biodegradable or inhibitory pollutants, e.g. hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)).\n(h)\nIon exchange\nThe retention of ionic pollutants from waste water and their replacement by more acceptable ions using an ion exchange resin. The pollutants are temporarily retained and afterwards released into a regeneration or backwashing liquid.\nIonic dissolved non-biodegradable or inhibitory pollutants, e.g. metals.\n(i)\nStripping\nThe removal of purgeable pollutants from the aqueous phase by a gaseous phase (e.g. steam, nitrogen or air) that is passed through the liquid. The removal efficiency may be enhanced by increasing the temperature or reducing the pressure.\nPurgeable pollutants, e.g. some adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX).\nBiological treatment\n(j)\nBiological treatment\nUse of microorganisms for waste water treatment (e.g. anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment).\nBiodegradable organic compounds.\nFinal solids removal\n(k)\nCoagulation and flocculation\nCoagulation and flocculation are used to separate suspended solids from waste water and are often carried out in successive steps. Coagulation is carried out by adding coagulants with charges opposite to those of the suspended solids. Flocculation is a gentle mixing stage so that collisions of microfloc particles cause them to bond to produce larger flocs. It may be assisted by adding polymers.\nSuspended solids and particulate-bound metals.\n(l)\nSedimentation\nThe separation of suspended particles by gravitational settling.\n(m)\nFiltration\nThe separation of solids from waste water by passing them through a porous medium, e.g. sand filtration, nano-, micro- and ultrafiltration\n(n)\nFlotation\nThe separation of solid or liquid particles from waste water by attaching them to fine gas bubbles, usually air. The buoyant particles accumulate at the water surface and are collected with skimmers.\nTable 5\nBAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for direct discharges to a receiving water body\nThe averaging period is given in the general considerations.\nThe BAT-AEL for COD may be replaced by a BAT-AEL for TOC. The correlation between COD and TOC is determined on a case-by-case basis. The BAT-AEL for TOC is the preferred option because TOC monitoring does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds.\nThe BAT-AEL only applies if fluorine compounds are used in the processes.\nThe upper end of the BAT-AEL range may be 1 mg/l in the case of zinc-containing substrates or of substrates pretreated using zinc.\nThe BAT-AEL only applies if chromium compounds are used in the processes.\nThe BAT-AEL only applies if chromium(VI) compounds are used in the processes.\nSubstance/Parameter\nSector\nBAT-AEL\nTotal suspended solids (TSS)\nCoating of vehicles\nCoil coating\nCoating and printing of metal packaging (only for DWI cans)\n5–30 mg/l\nChemical oxygen demand (COD)\n30–150 mg/l\nAdsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX)\n0,1–0,4 mg/l\nFluoride (F-)\n2–25 mg/l\nNickel (expressed as Ni)\nCoating of vehicles\nCoil coating\n0,05–0,4 mg/l\nZinc (expressed as Zn)\n0,05–0,6 mg/l\nTotal chromium (expressed as Cr)\nCoating of aircraft\nCoil coating\n0,01–0,15 mg/l\nHexavalent chromium (expressed as Cr(VI))\n0,01–0,05 mg/l\nThe associated monitoring is given in BAT 12.\nTable 6\nBAT-associated emission levels (BAT-AELs) for indirect discharges to a receiving water body\nThe BAT-AELs may not apply if the downstream waste water treatment plant is designed and equipped appropriately to abate the pollutants concerned, provided this does not lead to a higher level of pollution in the environment.\nThe averaging period is given in the general considerations.\nThe BAT-AEL only applies if fluorine compounds are used in the processes.\nThe upper end of the BAT-AEL range may be 1 mg/l in the case of zinc-containing substrates or of substrates pretreated using zinc.\nThe BAT-AEL only applies if chromium compounds are used in the processes.\nThe BAT-AEL only applies if chromium(VI) compounds are used in the processes.\nSubstance/Parameter\nSector\nBAT-AEL\nAdsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX)\nCoating of vehicles\nCoil coating\nCoating and printing of metal packaging (only for DWI cans)\n0,1–0,4 mg/l\nFluoride (F-)\n2–25 mg/l\nNickel (expressed as Ni)\nCoating of vehicles\nCoil coating\n0,05–0,4 mg/l\nZinc (expressed as Zn)\n0,05–0,6 mg/l\nTotal chromium (expressed as Cr)\nCoating of aircraft\nCoil coating\n0,01–0,15 mg/l\nHexavalent chromium (expressed as Cr(VI))\n0,01–0,05 mg/l\nThe associated monitoring is given in BAT 12.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "The averaging period is given in the general considerations."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f2",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL for COD may be replaced by a BAT-AEL for TOC. The correlation between COD and TOC is determined on a case-by-case basis. The BAT-AEL for TOC is the preferred option because TOC monitoring does not rely on the use of very toxic compounds."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f3",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL only applies if fluorine compounds are used in the processes."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f4",
      "text": "The upper end of the BAT-AEL range may be 1 mg/l in the case of zinc-containing substrates or of substrates pretreated using zinc."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f5",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL only applies if chromium compounds are used in the processes."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f6",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL only applies if chromium(VI) compounds are used in the processes."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f7",
      "text": "The BAT-AELs may not apply if the downstream waste water treatment plant is designed and equipped appropriately to abate the pollutants concerned, provided this does not lead to a higher level of pollution in the environment."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f8",
      "text": "The averaging period is given in the general considerations."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f9",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL only applies if fluorine compounds are used in the processes."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f10",
      "text": "The upper end of the BAT-AEL range may be 1 mg/l in the case of zinc-containing substrates or of substrates pretreated using zinc."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f11",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL only applies if chromium compounds are used in the processes."
    },
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f12",
      "text": "The BAT-AEL only applies if chromium(VI) compounds are used in the processes."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2020/2009/annex/division/1/division/1.1/division/1.1.14/division/BAT",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:12:03.527850+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}