{
  "url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2020-2009/annex/division-1/division-1.1/division-1.1.6/division-BAT",
  "json_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2020-2009/annex/division-1/division-1.1/division-1.1.6/division-BAT.json",
  "legislation": "eudn/2020/2009",
  "legislation_title": "Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/2009 of 22 June 2020 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for surface treatment using organic solvents including preservation of wood and wood products with chemicals (notified under document C(2020) 4050) (Text with EEA relevance)",
  "legislation_url": "https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2020-2009",
  "path": "annex/division/1/division/1.1/division/1.1.6/division/BAT",
  "kind": "division",
  "number": "BAT 7",
  "heading": "In order to reduce raw material consumption and the overall environmental impact of the coating application processes, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.",
  "text": "The selection of the application techniques may be restricted at plants with low throughput and/or high product variety as well as by the substrate type and shape, product quality requirements and the need to ensure that the materials used, coating application techniques, drying/curing techniques and off-gas treatment systems are mutually compatible.\nTechnique\nDescription\nApplicability\nTechniques for non-spraying application\n(a)\nRoller coating\nApplication where rollers are used to transfer or meter the liquid coating onto a moving strip.\nOnly applicable to flat substrates.\n(b)\nDoctor blade over roller\nThe coating is applied to the substrate through a gap between a blade and a roller. As the coating and substrate pass, the excess is scraped off.\nGenerally applicable.\n(c)\nNo-rinse (dry-in-place) application in the coating of coil\nApplication of conversion coatings which do not require a further water rinse using a roller coater (chemcoater) or squeegee rollers.\nGenerally applicable.\n(d)\nCurtain coating (casting)\nWork-pieces are passed through a laminar film of coating discharged from a header tank.\nOnly applicable to flat substrates.\n(e)\nElectrocoating (e-coat)\nPaint particles dispersed in a water-based solution are deposited on immersed substrates under the influence of an electric field (electrophoretic deposition).\nOnly applicable to metal substrates.\n(f)\nFlooding\nThe work-pieces are transported via conveyor systems into a closed channel, which is then flooded with the coating material via injection tubes. The excess material is collected and reused.\nGenerally applicable.\n(g)\nCo-extrusion\nThe printed substrate is coupled with a warm, liquefied plastic film and subsequently cooled down. This film replaces the necessary additional coating layer. It may be used between two different layers of different carriers acting as an adhesive.\nNot applicable where high bond strength or resistance to sterilisation temperature is needed .\nSpraying atomisation techniques\n(h)\nAir-assisted airless spraying\nAn airflow (shaping air) is used to modify the spray cone of an airless spray gun.\nGenerally applicable.\n(i)\nPneumatic atomisation with inert gases\nPneumatic paint application with pressurised inert gases (e.g. nitrogen, carbon dioxide).\nMay not be applicable to coating of wooden surfaces.\n(j)\nHigh-volume low-pressure (HVLP) atomisation\nAtomisation of paint in a spray nozzle by mixing paint with high volumes of air with a low pressure (max. 1,7 bar). HVLP guns have a paint transfer efficiency of > 50 %.\nGenerally applicable.\n(k)\nElectrostatic atomisation (fully automated)\nAtomisation by high-speed rotational discs and bells and shaping the spray jet with electrostatic fields and shaping air.\n(l)\nElectrostatically assisted air or airless spraying\nShaping the spray jet of pneumatic or airless atomisation with an electrostatic field. Electrostatic paint guns have a transfer efficiency of > 60 %. Fixed electrostatic methods have a transfer efficiency of up to 75 %.\n(m)\nHot spraying\nPneumatic atomisation with hot air or heated paint.\nMay not be applicable for frequent colour changes.\n(n)\n‘Spray, squeegee and rinse’ application in the coating of coil\nSprays are used for application of cleaners, pretreatments and for rinsing. After spraying, squeegees are used to minimise solution dragout, which is followed by rinsing.\nGenerally applicable.\nAutomation of spray application\n(o)\nRobot application\nRobot application of coatings and sealants to internal and external surfaces.\nGenerally applicable.\n(p)\nMachine application\nUse of paint machines for the handling of the sprayhead/spray gun/nozzle.",
  "extent": "E+W+S+N.I.",
  "status": null,
  "version": "current",
  "annotations": [
    {
      "type": "footnote",
      "label": "f1",
      "text": "The selection of the application techniques may be restricted at plants with low throughput and/or high product variety as well as by the substrate type and shape, product quality requirements and the need to ensure that the materials used, coating application techniques, drying/curing techniques and off-gas treatment systems are mutually compatible."
    }
  ],
  "outstanding_effects": [],
  "provenance": {
    "source": "legislation.gov.uk",
    "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2020/2009/annex/division/1/division/1.1/division/1.1.6/division/BAT",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-11-01T15:12:03.527850+00:00"
  },
  "licence": "Open Government Licence v3.0",
  "licence_url": "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/",
  "attribution": "Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives."
}