# Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/2009 of 22 June 2020 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for surface treatment using organic solvents including preservation of wood and wood products with chemicals (notified under document C(2020) 4050) (Text with EEA relevance), Division BAT 7: In order to reduce raw material consumption and the overall environmental impact of the coating application processes, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below.

Extent: E+W+S+N.I.

The selection of the application techniques may be restricted at plants with low throughput and/or high product variety as well as by the substrate type and shape, product quality requirements and the need to ensure that the materials used, coating application techniques, drying/curing techniques and off-gas treatment systems are mutually compatible.
Technique
Description
Applicability
Techniques for non-spraying application
(a)
Roller coating
Application where rollers are used to transfer or meter the liquid coating onto a moving strip.
Only applicable to flat substrates.
(b)
Doctor blade over roller
The coating is applied to the substrate through a gap between a blade and a roller. As the coating and substrate pass, the excess is scraped off.
Generally applicable.
(c)
No-rinse (dry-in-place) application in the coating of coil
Application of conversion coatings which do not require a further water rinse using a roller coater (chemcoater) or squeegee rollers.
Generally applicable.
(d)
Curtain coating (casting)
Work-pieces are passed through a laminar film of coating discharged from a header tank.
Only applicable to flat substrates.
(e)
Electrocoating (e-coat)
Paint particles dispersed in a water-based solution are deposited on immersed substrates under the influence of an electric field (electrophoretic deposition).
Only applicable to metal substrates.
(f)
Flooding
The work-pieces are transported via conveyor systems into a closed channel, which is then flooded with the coating material via injection tubes. The excess material is collected and reused.
Generally applicable.
(g)
Co-extrusion
The printed substrate is coupled with a warm, liquefied plastic film and subsequently cooled down. This film replaces the necessary additional coating layer. It may be used between two different layers of different carriers acting as an adhesive.
Not applicable where high bond strength or resistance to sterilisation temperature is needed .
Spraying atomisation techniques
(h)
Air-assisted airless spraying
An airflow (shaping air) is used to modify the spray cone of an airless spray gun.
Generally applicable.
(i)
Pneumatic atomisation with inert gases
Pneumatic paint application with pressurised inert gases (e.g. nitrogen, carbon dioxide).
May not be applicable to coating of wooden surfaces.
(j)
High-volume low-pressure (HVLP) atomisation
Atomisation of paint in a spray nozzle by mixing paint with high volumes of air with a low pressure (max. 1,7 bar). HVLP guns have a paint transfer efficiency of > 50 %.
Generally applicable.
(k)
Electrostatic atomisation (fully automated)
Atomisation by high-speed rotational discs and bells and shaping the spray jet with electrostatic fields and shaping air.
(l)
Electrostatically assisted air or airless spraying
Shaping the spray jet of pneumatic or airless atomisation with an electrostatic field. Electrostatic paint guns have a transfer efficiency of > 60 %. Fixed electrostatic methods have a transfer efficiency of up to 75 %.
(m)
Hot spraying
Pneumatic atomisation with hot air or heated paint.
May not be applicable for frequent colour changes.
(n)
‘Spray, squeegee and rinse’ application in the coating of coil
Sprays are used for application of cleaners, pretreatments and for rinsing. After spraying, squeegees are used to minimise solution dragout, which is followed by rinsing.
Generally applicable.
Automation of spray application
(o)
Robot application
Robot application of coatings and sealants to internal and external surfaces.
Generally applicable.
(p)
Machine application
Use of paint machines for the handling of the sprayhead/spray gun/nozzle.

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Source: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eudn/2020/2009/annex/division/1/division/1.1/division/1.1.6/division/BAT (the official version)
Page: https://openlegislation.uk/eu-decision-2020-2009/annex/division-1/division-1.1/division-1.1.6/division-BAT
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.